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Georgia (country)
Georgia[1] საქართველო Sakartvelo | |
|---|---|
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Motto: | |
Anthem: | |
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| Capital and largest city | Tbilisi 41°43′N 44°47′E / 41.717°N 44.783°E |
71% Georgian
| |
| Ethnic groups (2002) | 83.8% Georgian, 6.5% Azeri, 5.7% Armenian, 1.5% Russian, 2.5% others[2] |
| Demonym(s) | Georgian |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
| Salome Zurabishvili | |
| Archil Talakvadze | |
| Irakli Garibashvili | |
| Modern Statehood | |
| May 26, 1918 | |
| February 25, 1921 | |
| April 9, 1991 December 25, 1991 | |
| Area | |
• | 69,700 km2 (26,900 sq mi) (119th) |
| Population | |
• 2019 estimate | 3,723,464[a][3] (129th) |
• 2014 census | 3,713,804[a][4] |
• Density | 53.5/km2 (138.6/sq mi) (137th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $46.05 billion[5] (112th) |
• Per capita | $12,409[5] (101st) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $17.83 billion[5] (118st) |
• Per capita | $4,285[6] (107th) |
| Gini (2018) | ▼ 36.4[7] medium |
| HDI (2018) |  0.786[8]high · 70th |
| Currency | Lari (ლ) (GEL) |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (UTC) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+4 (not observed) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | 995 |
| ISO 3166 code | GE |
| Internet TLD | .ge |
Georgia is a country at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is on the coast of the Black Sea. During 1918-1921, and 1991-1995 its full name was the Republic of Georgia. Since 1995 it is Georgia as written in the Constitution. It was part of the Soviet Unionbetween 1921-1991, but now it is an independent republic. The capital city is Tbilisi. Its population is almost 4 million.
History
The Georgians are an ancient people. Their capital Tbilisi was founded around AD 400, by the king Vakhtang Gorgasali. Western Georgia was part of the Roman Empire before then. The Arabs captured it in 635 AD. The culture continued and they flourished through trade. In the 900s Arabs influence diminished in Caucasia significantly. In 1008 Kingdom of Georgia was formed. It was the major country in the region until the Mongols invaded in 1223. Georgia was part of the Mongolian empire for a century on and off until 1334, when King Giorgi V took over. In the 1400s Georgia dissolved into several principalities. In the 1500s the Persians invaded Eastern Georgia four times from 1541-1544. In 1555 the Kings of Kartli ruled through the will of the Persian Shahs.
In 1783 The treaty of Georgievsk was signed between Catherine the Great of Russia and King Heraclius II, giving Russia the power to protect Georgia. Then, in 1798 the Persians burned Tbilisi to the ground.
From 1811 to 1918 Georgia was under the Tsar of Russia. Their culture survived intact. From 1918 to 1921 Georgia was independent, and then was part of the Soviet Union.
In 1991 Georgia declared their independence from the Soviet Union. Newly established Republic of Georgia saw bloody Civil War resulting in downfall of first-ever president of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Georgia was also involved in War in Abkhazia. There was a rough patch between 1994 and 1995 when the economy was poor, although Georgia saw significant improvements in last few years. Now Georgia is applying to NATO and European Union.
In 2008 Georgia was involved in the 2008 South Ossetia war.
Geography
Georgia is next to the countries of Russia, Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan. It also has a coast on the Black Sea. It is at the edge of Europe and Asia.
Georgia has many mountains. Its highest point is 5,193 m above sea level. The mountains running through Georgia are called the Caucasus Mountains.
The highest mountain in Georgia is Mount Shkhara at 5,193 m. The coastline of Georgia is 310 km long. Georgia has about 25,000 rivers. The largest river is the Mtkvari.
Divisions
Georgia is divided into 9 regions, 1 city, and 2 autonomous republics. These in turn are divided into 67 districts and 12 self-governing cities.[10]
The region of Abkhazia declared independence in 1999.[11] South Ossetia is officially known by Georgia as the Tskinvali region. Georgia considers both regions as occupied by Russia.[12]
| Region | Centre | Area (km2) | Population[4] | Density |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhazia | Sukhumi | 8,660 | 242,862est | 28.04 |
| Adjara | Batumi | 2,880 | 333,953 | 115.95 |
| Guria | Ozurgeti | 2,033 | 113,350 | 55.75 |
| Imereti | Kutaisi | 6,475 | 533,906 | 82.45 |
| Kakheti | Telavi | 11,311 | 318,583 | 28.16 |
| Kvemo Kartli | Rustavi | 6,072 | 423,986 | 69.82 |
| Mtskheta-Mtianeti | Mtskheta | 6,786 | 94,573 | 13.93 |
| Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti | Ambrolauri | 4,990 | 32,089 | 6.43 |
| Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti | Zugdidi | 7,440 | 330,761 | 44.45 |
| Samtskhe-Javakheti | Akhaltsikhe | 6,413 | 160,504 | 25.02 |
| Shida Kartli | Gori | 5,729 | 300,382est | 52.43 |
| Tbilisi | Tbilisi | 720 | 1,108,717 | 1,539.88 |
Culture
The population of Georgia is about 4 million. About 1.2 million of these live in Tbilisi. People from Georgia are called Georgians. Most of them speak Georgian as their first language, though some people also speak Azerbaijani, Armenian, Russian or other languages.
Georgians have their own unique three alphabets. They were invented by King Pharnavaz I of Iberia.
The most famous person to have come from Georgia is Josef Stalin.
Most Georgians are Christians, but there are some Muslims and Jews as well.
The currency of Georgia is called the Lari.
Related pages
References
- ↑ "Article 1.3", Constitution of Georgia
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "CIA Factbook Georgia". Cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gg.html. Retrieved 2012-06-10.
- ↑ "Demographic Portal". http://database.geostat.ge/pyramid/index.php?lang=en. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "2014 General Population Census Main Results General Information — National Statistics Office of Georgia". http://census.ge/files/results/Census_release_ENG.pdf. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=35&pr.y=14&sy=2016&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=915&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=.
- ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database October 2019". https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx.
- ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Georgia". World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GE.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2019" (in en) (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ↑ "Article 8", Constitution of Georgia. In Abkhazia, also Abkhazian.
- ↑ "Registry of Municipalities". National Agency of Public Registry. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020853/https://mreg.reestri.gov.ge/. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ↑ "Regions and territories: Abkhazia". BBC News. 8 February 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3261059.stm. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
- ↑ Abkhazia, S. Ossetia Formally Declared Occupied Territory. Archived 3 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine Civil Georgia. 28 August 2008.
Other websites
- Full information about (country) Georgia (English, German, Russian, Georgian)
- Friends of Georgia (Friends of Georgia International Foundation Website, including information on History, Culture, Gastronomy, News, etc.)
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