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March 1
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March 1 is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 305 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents
Events
Up to 1800
- 1457 - The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, Bohemian-Moravian Borderland. To date, it is the second-oldest Protestant denomination.
- 1476 - Battle of Toro: Forces of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V of Portugal and the future-John II of Portugal.
- 1562 – Over 1,000 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Wassy, France marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
- 1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
- 1593 - The Uppsala Synod is summoned to confirm the exact form of the Lutheran Church in Sweden.
- 1628 – Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
- 1633 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
- 1642 – Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in America.
- 1692 – The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts.
- 1694 - A major storm in the Strait of Gibraltar sinks a total of nine ships, including seven English warships, killing 823 people.
- 1700 – Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to reform into the Gregorian calendar, then reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and then introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
- 1781 – The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
- 1790 – The first United States census is authorized.
1801 – 1900
- 1803 – Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state.
- 1805 – Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.
- 1809 - The Illinois Territory is separated from the Indiana Territory.
- 1811 – Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
- 1815 – Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
- 1836 – A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
- 1840 – Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
- 1845 – US President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
- 1847 - The State of Michigan officially gets rid of capital punishment.
- 1852 – Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
- 1854 – German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
- 1867 – Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
- 1870 - The death of President Francisco Solano Lopez of Paraguay ends the War of the Triple Alliance.
- 1872 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.
- 1873 – E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York, start production of the first practical typewriter.
- 1873 – Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virginia City, Nevada.
- 1879 - War of the Pacific: Bolivia declares war on Chile after its occupation of the port city of Antofagasta.
- 1886 – Anglo-Chinese School was founded in Singapore by Bishop William Oldham.
- 1893 - Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.
- 1896 – Battle of Adowa, in which Ethiopia defended its independence against Italy, begins. The Italian invasion, with 100,000 troops, is defeated, ending the First Italo-Abyssinian War.
- 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
1901 - 1950
- 1901 - The Australian Army is founded.
- 1910 - The deadliest avalanche in US history buries a Great Northern Railway train in Wellington, Northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.
- 1912 – Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
- 1914 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
- 1917 – U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
- 1918 – German submarine Unterseeboot 19 (U-19) sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.
- 1919 – March 1st Movement begins in Korea.
- 1920 - Hungary's parliament elects Miklos Horthy as regent.
- 1921 - The Australian cricket team wins all of its games in The Ashes series against England, while being captained by Warwick Armstrong. They do not repeat this feat again until the beginning of 2007.
- 1925 - The Schilling becomes the official currency of Austria.
- 1932 – The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped. He is later found dead.
- 1936 – The Hoover Dam is completed, on the border of Arizona and Nevada.
- 1939 - A Japanese Imperial Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, killing 94 people.
- 1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact thus joining the Axis powers.
- 1941 – W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee, becoming the first FM radio station in the U.S..
- 1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised.
- 1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
- 1949 – Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
- 1950 - Chiang Kai-shek declares the Republic of China on Taiwan.
- 1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by giving them top secret atomic bomb data.
1951 – 2000
- 1953 – Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke. He dies four days later.
- 1954 – Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
- 1954 – Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
- 1955 – Allen Fieldhouse at the University of Kansas hosts its first college basketball game.
- 1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
- 1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, is appointed Pro-Perfect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
- 1961 – President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
- 1961 – Uganda becomes self-governing as its first elections held.
- 1962 – American Airlines Flight 1 crashes on takeoff in New York.
- 1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
- 1966 – The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
- 1969 – During a performance at Miami's Dinner Key Auditorium, Jim Morrison of the Doors is arrested for exposing himself during the show.
- 1969 – John Kerry officially leaves active duty in Vietnam.
- 1971 – A bomb explodes in a men's room in the White House; the Weather Underground claims responsibility.
- 1971 – Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postponed the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
- 1972 – The Thai province of Yasothon is created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
- 1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
- 1975 – Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
- 1978 – Charlie Chaplin's coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery.
- 1980 – Voyager 1 probe confirms that Janus (moon of Saturn) exists.
- 1983 – Swatch introduces their first timepieces.
- 1989 – The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1989 - Beer is legalised in Iceland.
- 1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
- 1992 - Bosnia and Herzegovina declares independence.
- 1994 - South Africa hands Walvis Bay over to Namibian control.
- 1994 – Seattle grunge band Nirvana play their last show in Munich, Germany.
- 1995 – Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
- 1995 - Yahoo! is incorporated.
- 1998 - Titanic becomes the first movie to earn over a billion United States Dollars worldwide.
- 2000 – The Constitution of Finland is rewritten. On the same day, Tarja Halonen becomes Finland's first female President.
- 2000 – Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
From 2001
- 2002 – United States war in Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.
- 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 kilometers (500 miles) above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500 kilograms (9.5 tons).
- 2002 – The peseta is discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€). The same happens with the old currencies of the then-12 other Eurozone countries.
- 2003 – Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
- 2004 – Terry Nichols is convicted of state murder charges and accomplice to the Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh starts his trial in McAlester, Oklahoma.
- 2004 – The TV game show The Price is Right airs its 6,000th episode.
- 2004 – Punycode adopted by the national registrars of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
- 2004 – Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
- 2006 – The English-language Wikipedia publishes its 1,000,000th article, on Jordanhill Railway Station in Scotland.
- 2007 - A tornado outbreak in the Southern United States kills 20 people, including 8 at a High School in Enterprise, Alabama.
- 2007 - "Squatters" are evicted from Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark. Riots start shortly after.
- 2008 - Armenian police clash with a peaceful protest against disputed election results. 10 people are killed.
- 2012 - Sauli Niinisto becomes President of Finland, succeeding Tarja Halonen.
- 2014 - Euromaidan: Russia decides to intervene in Ukraine.
- 2014 - A knife attack at a station in Kunming, Southwestern China, kills 30 people.
Births
Up to 1900
- 40 – Martial, Roman poet (d. 102)
- 1389 - Antonius of Florence, Archbishop of Florence (d. 1459)
- 1432 - Isabel of Coimbra, Queen of Portugal (d. 1455)
- 1445 – Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (d. 1510)
- 1456 – Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1516)
- 1547 - Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (d. 1628)
- 1597 – Jean-Charles de la Faille, Flemish mathematician (d. 1652)
- 1644 - Simon Foucher, French philosopher (d. 1696)
- 1657 – Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (d. 1740)
- 1683 – Caroline of Ansbach Queen Consort of George II of Great Britain and Ireland (d. 1737)
- 1683 – Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama, Tibetan religious leader (d. 1706)
- 1732 – William Cushing, American jurist (d. 1810)
- 1760 - Francois Nicolas Leonard Buzot, French revolutionary (d. 1794)
- 1807 - Wilford Woodruff, American Mormon leader (d. 1898)
- 1810 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish-French composer and pianist (d. 1849)
- 1812 – Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d. 1852)
- 1812 - Nicolae Cretulescu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1900)
- 1837 - William Dean Howells, American writer and literary critic (d. 1920)
- 1841 - Blanche Bruce, American politician (d. 1898)
- 1842 - Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek artist (d. 1901)
- 1852 – Theophile Delcasse, French statesman (d. 1923)
- 1858 - Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1918)
- 1863 - Alexander Golovin, Russian painter (d. 1930)
- 1868 – Sophie, Duchess of Hohenburg, Bohemian noblewoman (d. 1914)
- 1875 – Sigurdur Eggerz, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1945)
- 1876 – Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian Olympic official (d. 1942)
- 1880 – Lytton Strachey, British writer (d. 1932)
- 1886 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter (d. 1980)
- 1889 – Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (d. 1960)
- 1892 – Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer (d. 1927)
1901 – 1950
- 1904 – Glenn Miller, American bandleader (d. 1944)
- 1904 – Paul Hartman, American actor (d. 1973)
- 1906 - Pham Van Dong, Prime Minister of North Vietnam (d. 2000)
- 1910 – Archer John Porter Martin, British chemist (d. 2002)
- 1910 – David Niven, British actor (d. 1983)
- 1911 - Harry Golombek, British chess player (d. 1995)
- 1912 – Boris Chertok, Russian rocket scientist (d. 2011)
- 1912 - Mario Genta, Italian footballer (d. 1993)
- 1913 – Olafur Johannesson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1984)
- 1914 – Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
- 1918 – Joao Goulart, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
- 1921 – Jack Clayton, British movie director (d. 1995)
- 1922 – Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1995)
- 1922 - William Gaines, founder of MAD Magazine (d. 1992)
- 1926 - Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1927 – Harry Belafonte, American singer, musician and activist
- 1927 - Robert Bork, American legal scholar (d. 2012)
- 1927 - George O. Abell, American astronomer (d. 1983)
- 1928 - Jacques Rivette, French director and screenwriter
- 1929 – Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (d. 1978)
- 1931 – Lamberto Dini, Italian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Italy
- 1934 - Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
- 1935 - Robert Conrad, American actor
- 1936 - Luc Jochimsen, German journalist, sociologist and politician
- 1938 – Tufuga Efi, Samoan Head of State
- 1943 - Jose Angel Iribar, Spanish footballer
- 1944 – Roger Daltrey, founder and lead singer of English rock band The Who
- 1944 – Mike d'Abo, British singer
- 1945 - Uriarte, Spanish footballer
- 1946 - Jim Crace, English author
- 1947 – Alan Thicke, Canadian actor and songwriter
- 1949 – Carlos Soria, Argentine politician (d. 2012)
1951 – 1975
- 1952 – Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish football manager
- 1953 - Carlos Queiroz, Portuguese football manager
- 1954 – Ron Howard, American actor, director, and producer
- 1954 - Catherine Bach, American actress
- 1955 - Timothy Laurence, husband of Anne, Princess Royal
- 1956 – Dalia Grybauskaite, President of Lithuania
- 1956 - Helen Boaden, British BBC executive
- 1956 - Tim Daly, American actor
- 1958 – Bertrand Piccard, Swiss balloonist and psychiatrist
- 1958 - Nik Kersham, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
- 1958 - Chosei Komatsu, Japanese conductor
- 1959 – Nick Griffin, British politician, leader of the British National Party
- 1963 – Thomas Anders, German singer
- 1963 - Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1964 – Paul Le Guen, French football manager
- 1965 - Booker T, American professional wrestler
- 1967 - Yelena Afanasyeva, Russian athlete
- 1967 – Aron Winter, Dutch footballer
- 1969 – Javier Bardem, Spanish actor
- 1969 – Dafydd Ieuan, Welsh musician
- 1971 - Tyler Hamilton, American cyclist
- 1973 – Ryan Peake, Canadian guitarist (Nickelback)
- 1973 – Chris Webber, American basketball player
- 1975 - Francesco Mazzariol, Italian rugby player
From 1976
- 1979 - Bruno Langlois, Canadian racing cyclist
- 1980 – Djimi Traore, Malian footballer
- 1980 - Anna Semenovich, Russian ice skater and singer
- 1981 - Brad Winchester, American ice hockey player
- 1982 - Juan Manuel Ortiz, Spanish footballer
- 1982 - Kim Min-hee, South Korean actress and model
- 1983 - Davey Richards, American wrestler
- 1983 - Lupita Nyong'o, Kenyan-Mexican actress
- 1983 - Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer
- 1984 - Alexander Steen, Canadian-born Swedish ice hockey player
- 1984 – Patrick Helmes, German footballer
- 1985 – Andreas Ottl, German footballer
- 1985 - Yun Ok-Hee, South Korean archer
- 1986 - Jonathan Spector, American footballer
- 1987 – Kesha, American singer
- 1987 – Sammie, American singer
- 1989 – Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer
- 1989 - Daniella Monet, American actress
- 1994 – Justin Bieber, Canadian singer
- 1996 - Ye Shiwen, Chinese swimmer
Deaths
Up to 1900
- 317 – Valerius Valens, Roman Emperor
- 492 - Pope Felix III
- 589 – Saint David, Patron Saint of Wales (b. 500)
- 986 – King Lothair of France (b. 941)
- 1131 – King Stephen II of Hungary (b. 1104)
- 1233 - Count Thomas I of Savoy (b. 1178)
- 1244 - Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, son of Llywelyn the Great of Wales (b. 1200)
- 1320 - Buyantu Khagan, Mongolian Emperor (b. 1286)
- 1383 – Amadeus VI of Savoy (b. 1334)
- 1510 – Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer
- 1546 – George Wishart, Scottish religious reformer (b. 1513)
- 1633 - George Herbert, English poet (b. 1593)
- 1643 - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (b. 1583)
- 1697 - Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626)
- 1773 - Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (b. 1700)
- 1792 – Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747)
- 1865 - Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia, Queen of the Netherlands (b. 1795)
- 1865 - William Cannon, Governor of Delaware (b. 1809)
- 1870 - Francisco Solano Lopez, President of Paraguay (b. 1827)
- 1882 - Theodor Kullak, German pianist, composer and educator (b. 1818)
- 1884 - Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (b. 1820)
- 1895 - Pauline Musters, Dutch shortest woman (b. 1876)
1901 – 2000
- 1906 - Jose Maria de Pereda, Spanish novelist (b. 1833)
- 1910 - Jose Domingo de Obaldia, 2nd President of Panama (b. 1845)
- 1911 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist (b. 1852)
- 1914 - Gilbert-Elliot-Murray-Kyrnynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, 8th Governor-General of Canada (b. 1845)
- 1920 - John H. Bankhead, United States Senator (b. 1842)
- 1922 – Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, Spanish footballer (b. 1892)
- 1932 – Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, son of Charles Lindbergh (b. 1930)
- 1936 - Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian writer (b. 1871)
- 1938 – Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer and politician (b. 1863)
- 1940 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian writer (b. 1878)
- 1952 – Mariano Azuela, Mexican writer (b. 1873)
- 1966 - Fritz Houtermans, German physicist (b. 1903)
- 1970 - Lucille Hegamin, American singer and entertainer (b. 1894)
- 1974 - Bobby Timmons, American jazz pianist (b. 1935)
- 1976 - Jean Martinon, French conductor and composer (b. 1910)
- 1978 - Paul Scott, British writer (b. 1920)
- 1979 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
- 1980 – Dixie Dean, English footballer (b. 1907)
- 1981 - Roberto Francisco Chiari Remon, 31st President of Panama (b. 1905)
- 1984 – Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914)
- 1987 - Bertrand de Jouvenel, French writer and philosopher (b. 1903)
- 1991 – Edwin H. Land, American scientist and inventor (b. 1909)
- 1995 – Vladislav Listyev, Russian journalist (b. 1956)
- 1995 – Georges J.F. Kohler, German biologist (b. 1946)
- 1998 - Archie Goodwin, American comic book writer, editor and artist (b. 1937)
From 2001
- 2002 - C. Farris Bryant, Governor of Florida (b. 1914)
- 2006 – Peter Osgood, English footballer (b. 1947)
- 2006 – Johnny Jackson, American musician (b. 1951)
- 2008 – Raul Reyes, Colombian FARC guerrilla (b. 1948)
- 2010 – Vladimir Ilyushin, Russian pilot (b. 1927)
- 2010 – Kristian Digby, British television presenter and director (b. 1977)
- 2011 - John Michael Lounge, American astronaut (b. 1946)
- 2012 – Lucio Dalla, Italian singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1943)
- 2013 - Bonnie Franklin, American actress (b. 1944)
- 2014 - Bangaru Laxman, Indian politician (b. 1939)
- 2014 - Alain Resnais, French movie director (b. 1922)
Observances
- Saint David's Day in Wales
- Beer Day in Iceland
- Independence Day in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- March 1st Movement Remembrance Day (South Korea)
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