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Ethiopia
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dīmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk | |
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Anthem: | |
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Capital and largest city | Addis Ababa |
Official languages | Amharic[1] |
Ethnic groups | |
Demonym(s) | Ethiopian |
Government | Federal parliamentary republic1 |
Sahle-Work Zewde | |
Abiy Ahmed | |
Establishment | |
980 BC | |
1137 | |
1991 | |
Area | |
• Total | 1,104,300 km2 (426,400 sq mi) (27th) |
• Water (%) | 0.7 |
Population | |
• 2011 estimate | 82,101,998[3] (14th) |
• 2007 census | 73,918,505 |
• Density | 74/km2 (191.7/sq mi) (123rd) |
GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $94.598 billion[4] |
• Per capita | $1,089[4] |
GDP (nominal) | 2010 estimate |
• Total | $29.717 billion[4] |
• Per capita | $350[4] |
Gini (1999–00) | 30 medium |
HDI (2010) | ![]() low · 157th |
Currency | Birr (ETB) |
Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (not observed) |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | 251 |
ISO 3166 code | ET |
Internet TLD | .et |
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History
The Kingdom of Aksum, the first known kingdom of great power to rise in Ethiopia, rose during the first century AD. The Persian religious figure Mani listed Axum with Rome, Persia, and China as one of the four great powers of his time. It was in the early 4th century that a Syro-Greek castaway, Frumentius, was taken to the court and over time changed King Ezana to Christianity, making Christianity Ethiopia's religion. For this, he received the title "Abba Selama". At different times, including a time in the 6th century, Axum ruled most of modern-day Yemen just across the Red Sea.
The line of rulers of the actual Axumite kings ended around 950 AD when they were overthrown by the Jewish Queen Gudit;[26] then it was followed by the Zagwe dynasty for around 300 years. Around 1270 AD, the Solomonid dynasty came to control Ethiopia, claiming that they were related to the kings of Axum (though their claim was unscientific, they were even southern Ethiopia people, like from Shewa and such). They called themselves Neguse Negest ("King of Kings," or Emperor), basing their claims on their direct relation to king Solomon and the queen of Sheba.[27]
During the rule of Emperor Lebna Dengel, Ethiopia made its first good contact with a European country, Portugal in 1520. When the Empire was attacked by Somali General and Imam, Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi, Portugal responded to Lebna Dengel's request for help with 400 musketeers, helping his son Gelawdewos beat al-Ghazi and remake his rule. However, Jesuit missionaries over time offended the Orthodox faith of the local Ethiopians, and in the mid-17th century Emperor Fasilidos got rid of these missionaries. At the same time, the Oromo people began to question the Ethiopian Christian authorities in the Abyssinian territories, and wanted to keep their own religion.
All of this led to Ethiopia's isolation during the 1700s. The Emperors became figureheads, controlled by warlords like Ras Mikael Sehul of Tigray. But Amharic is the national language of Ethiopia. Ethiopian isolationism ended following a British mission that made friendship between the two nations; however, it was not until the reign of Tewodros II that Ethiopia began to take part in world matters once again.
In 1896 Italy was decisively defeated in the battle of Adwa by Emperor Menelik; an Amhara Emperor from the province of Shewa. This battle dispelled the notion that Europeans were superior and could not be defeated by a black army. It gave rise to the Pan African movement, and hope to other African countries who were conquered. This victory made Ethiopia the only African country to successfully repel a European power during the Scramble of Africa. In 1936 Italy again attacked, and succeeded in occupying Ethiopia until 1941. With British help the 5 year occupation ended and Emperor Haile Selassie regained the throne.
Revolutionaries overthrew and killed the emperor in 1974. The resulting civil war lasted until 1991. Eritrea became independent and later fought the Eritrean–Ethiopian War.
Regions, zones, and districts
Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided into 13 provinces. Ethiopia now has ethnically based regional countries, zones, districts, and neighborhoods.
There are nine regions, sixty-eight zones and two chartered cities. Ethiopia is further divided into 550 woredas and several special woredas.
The nine regions and two chartered cities (in italics) are:
Economy
Coffee production is a longstanding tradition in Ethiopia.
Related pages
References
- ↑ "Ethiopian Constitution". Article 5 Ethiopian constitution.. APAP. http://www.apapeth.org/Documents/EthiopianLaws.html. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
- ↑ CIA – Ethiopia – Ethnic groups. Cia.gov. Retrieved on 2012-03-03.
- ↑ Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Ethiopia". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=2&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=644&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
- ↑ Terrazas, Aaron Matteo (June 2007). "Beyond Regional Circularity: The Emergence of an Ethiopian Diaspora". Migration Policy Institute. http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=604. Retrieved 2011–11–25.
- ↑ United States Census Bureau 2009–2013, Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2009–2013, USCB, 30 November 2016, <https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html>.
- ↑ "The People of Australia Statistics from the 2011 Census, Cat. no. 2901.0, ABS". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2014. https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/research/people-australia-2013-statistics.pdf. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
- ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics 2014, The People of Australia Statistics from the 2011 Census, Cat. no. 2901.0, ABS, 30 November 2016, <https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/research/people-australia-2013-statistics.pdf Archived 2017-04-17 at the Wayback Machine>.
- ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics 2014, The People of Australia Statistics from the 2011 Census, Cat. no. 2901.0, ABS, 30 November 2016, Archived 17 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (2013–02–05). "2011 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations — Detailed Mother Tongue (232), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada and Forward Sortation Areas, 2011 Census". http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/tbt-tt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=103001&PRID=10&PTYPE=101955&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2011&THEME=90&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ↑ Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98–314-XCB2011032
- ↑ Anon, 2016. 2011 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations | Detailed Mother Tongue (232), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada and Forward Sortation Areas, 2011 Census. [online] Www12.statcan.gc.ca. Available at: <http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/tbt-tt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=103001&PRID=10&PTYPE=101955&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2011&THEME=90&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=> [Accessed 2 Dec. 2016].
- ↑ Immigrant languages in Canada. 2016. Immigrant languages in Canada. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-314-x/98-314-x2011003_2-eng.cfm. [Accessed 13 December 2016].
- ↑ "Population by country of origin". Statistics Denmark. http://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1280.
- ↑ "Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland". Das Statistik Portal. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1221/umfrage/anzahl-der-auslaender-in-deutschland-nach-herkunftsland/.
- ↑ Roughly half of the Eritrean diaspora
- ↑ Amharas are estimated to be the largest ethnic group of estimated 20.000 Ethiopian Germans|https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/gtz2009-en-ethiopian-diaspora.pdf Archived 2018-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents". Statistics Norway. https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/innvbef.
- ↑ "Foreign-born persons by country of birth, age, sex and year". Statistics Sweden. http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/?rxid=1bcec35a-5bd2-4a4a-9609-668463972a1c.
- ↑ "Ethiopian London". BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/05/27/ethiopian_london_feature.shtml. Retrieved 2008–12–06.
- ↑ pp, 25 (2015) United Kingdom. Available at: https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GB (Accessed: 30 November 2016).
- ↑ "United Kingdom". https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GB. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ↑ Trimingham, J. (2013). Islam in Ethiopia. Routledge. p. 23. . https://www.google.com/books?id=UfrcAAAAQBAJ. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ↑ Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The History of Ethiopia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 171. . https://books.google.com/books?id=3Un6_LGIEyQC&pg=PA171.
- ↑ Eusebius of Caesarea, the author of Ecclesiastical History in the 4th century, states that Saint Mark came to Egypt in the first or third year of the reign of Emperor Claudius, i.e. AD 41 or 43 Otto Friedrich August Meinardus (2002). Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 28. . https://books.google.com/books?id=Cmey73GtfuUC.
- ↑ "Gudit, a Jewish Queen of Aksum? Some Considerations on the Sources and Modern Scholarship, and the Use of Legends". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336420779_Gudit_a_Jewish_Queen_of_Aksum_Some_Considerations_on_the_Sources_and_Modern_Scholarship_and_the_Use_of_Legends.
- ↑ "The Legend of Queen Sheba, the Solomonic Dynasty and Ethiopian History: An Analysis". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315081847_The_Legend_of_Queen_Sheba_the_Solomonic_Dynasty_and_Ethiopian_History_An_Analysis.
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