Solomonid dynasty

House of Solomon
ሰሎሞናዊው ሥርወ መንግሥት
*Sälomonawīwi širiwä menigišiti*

Solomonic dynasty
House of Solomon; ሰሎሞናዊው ሥርወ መንግሥት ; Sälomonawīwi širiwä menigišiti; Solomonic dynasty
Country	Ethiopian Empire Crown Council of Ethiopia (as the government-in-exile of Ethiopia and Eritrea);
Place of origin	Bete Amhara
Founded	1270 AD
Founder	Yekuno Amlak
Current head	Zera Yacob Amha Selassie
Final ruler	Haile Selassie
Titles	Emperor of Ethiopia -- Atse; King of Kings/Queen of Kings -- Negusa Nagast/Negesta Nagastat; Negus; Elect of God; King of Zion; King of Abyssinia; Duke; Ras; Leul;
Deposition	12 September 1974
Cadet branches	== Solomonid Dynasty Media == Coronation of Haile Selassie as Negus ("King") of the Ethiopian Empire in 1928. He would be crowned again in 1930 as Neguse Negest ("King of Kings"). ; Imperial sarcophagi of the Solomonic Dynasty Emperor Haile Selassie I and his wife at the Holy Trinity Cathedral ; Prince Asfa-Wossen Asserate, a member of the Solomonic dynasty ; Imperial Standard (obverse) ; Imperial Standard (reverse) ; 13th-century Solomonic hand cross ; Gondarine Branch; Shewan Branch Selalle branch; ; Tigrean Branch; Gojjam Branch;

The Solomonic dynasty, also known as the House of Solomon, was the ruling dynasty of the Ethiopian Empire from the thirteenth to twentieth centuries. The dynasty was founded by Yekuno Amlak, who overthrew the Zagwe dynasty in 1270. His successors claimed he was descended from the legendary king Menelik I, the supposed son of the biblical King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, in order to legitimize the dynasty's assumption of power. Although this claimed ancestry gave the dynasty its name, there is no credible evidence that the dynasty was descended from Solomon or the Davidic line. This biblical claim was mainly made to legitimize the empire as a Christian kingdom. The Solomonic dynasty remained in power until 1974, when its last emperor Haile Selassie was overthrown by a coup d'état.

The emperors did not use their real name when they became Emperor of Ethiopia, but they made up a new one for their rule. For example, the first Emperor of the Solomonids was Yekuno Amlak. But he used the name Tasfa Iyassus after he became ruler.

The dynasty began in 1270, when Yekuno Amlak killed the last king of the Zagwe dynasty, which had ruled Ethiopia. Yekuno Amlak was made king, and European historians say was the first ruler of the dynasty. But most Ethiopian books say that Menelik I, the son of King Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba, was the first Emperor of this dynasty.

The leaders of Ethiopia from 1270 to 1975 (mostly Solomonids):

Term	Birth Name	Throne Name	Notes
'Solomonid dynasty'
1270 to 1285	Yekuno Amlak	Tasfa Iyasus
1285 to 1294	Yagbe'u Seyon	Salomon I
1294 to 1295	Senfa Ared IV
1295 to 1296	Hezba Asgad
1296 to 1297	Qedma Asgad
1297 to 1298	Jin Asgad
1298 to 1299	Saba Asgad
1299 to 1314	Wedem Arad
1314 to 1344	Amda Seyon I	Gabra Masqal I
1344 to 1372	Newaya Krestos	Sayfa Ar`ed
1372 to 1382	Newaya Maryam	Wedem Asfare; or Gemma Asfare
1382 to 1413	Dawit I (David)
1413 to 1414	Tewodros I (Theodore)	Walda Ambasa	Ruled 9 months
1414 to 1429	Yeshaq I (Isaac)	Gabra Masqal II
1429 to 1430	Andreyas (Andrew)
1430 to 1433	Takla Maryam	Hezba Nan
1433	Sarwe Iyasus	Mehreka Nan
1433 to 1434	Amda Iyasus	Badel Nan
1434 to 1468	Zara Yaqob	Kuestantinos I (Constantine I)	Dating becomes certain here
1468 to 1478	Baeda Maryam I
1478 to 1494	Eskender (Alexander)	Constantine II
1494	Amda Seyon II
1494 to 1508	Na'od
1508 to 1540	Dawit II (David II)	Lebna Dengel
1540 to 1559	Gelawdewos (Claudius)	Asnaf Sagad I
1559 to 1563	Menas	Admas Sagad I
1563 to 1597	Sarsa Dengel	Malak Sagad I
1597 to 1603	Yaqob (Jacob)	Malak Sagad II
1603 to 1604	Za Dengel	Asnaf Sagad II
1604 to 1607	Yaqob (Jacob)	Malak Sagad II	Restored
1607 to 1632	Sissinios	Malak Sagad III	Crowned March 18, 1608
1632 to 1667	Fasilidos (Basilides)	`Alam Sagad
1667 to 1682	Yohannes I (John I)
19 July 1682 to 13 October 1706	Iyasus I (Iyasus the Great)	Adyam Sagad II
1685	Yeshaq Iyasu ?		In opposition
27 March 1706 to 30 June 1708	Tekle Haymanot I	Le`al Sagad
September 1707	Amda Seyon		A usurper
1 July 1708 to 14 October 1711	Tewoflos (Theophilus)	Walda Ambasa
1709 to July 1710	Nebahne Yohannes		In opposition
14 October 1711 to 19 February 1716	Yostos (Justus)	Sahay Sagad	A usurper
8 February 1716 to 18 May 1721	Dawit III (David)	Adabar Sagad
18 May 1721 to 1730	Bakaffa	Asma Sagad or Masih Sagad
19 September 1730 to 26 June 1755	Iyasus II (Jesus II)	Adyam Sagad
1736 to 1737	Hezqeyas		In opposition
Era of the Princes
26 June 1755 to 7 May 1769	Iyoas (Joas)
7 May to 18 October 1769	Yohannes II (John II)
18 October 1769 to June 1770	Tekle Haymanot II
June to December 1770	Sissinios II
18 October 1769 to 13 April 1777	Tekle Haymanot II		Restored
13 April 1777 to 20 July 1779	Salomon II (Solomon II)
20 July 1779 to 8 February 1784	Tekle Giyorgis
16 February 1784 to 24 April 1788	Iyasus III (Jesus III)
1787 to 1788	Iyasus		In opposition
1787 to 1788	Baeda Maryam		In opposition
February 1788 to 1789	Tekle Haymanot		In opposition
24 April 1788 to 26 July 1789	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
26 July 1789 to January 1794	Hezqeyas (Hezekiah)
January 1794 to 15 April 1795	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
15 April to December 1795	Baeda Maryam II
December 1795 to 20 May 1796	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
20 May 1796 to 15 July 1797	Salomon III (Solomon III)
18 August 1797 to 4 January 1798	Yonas (Jonah)
4 January 1798 to 20 May 1799	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
20 May 1799 to 1799	Salomon III (Solomon III)		Restored
1799 to 24 March 1800	Demetros (Demetrius)
24 March to June 1800	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
June 1800 to June 1801	Demetros
June 1801 to June 3, 1818	Egwale Seyon
June 19, 1818 to June 3, 1821	Iyoas II (Joas II)
June 3, 1821 to April 1826	Gigar
April 1826	Baeda Maryam III
April 1826 to June 18, 1830	Gigar		Restored
18 June 1830 to 18 March 1832	Iyasus IV (Jesus IV)
18 March 1832 to 1832	Gebre Krestos
1832	Sahla Dengel
1832 to 8 June 1832	Gebre Krestos		Restored
October 1832 to 29 August 1840	Sahla Dengel		Restored
1832	Egwale Anbesa		In rebellion
30 August 1840 to October 1841	Yohannes III (John III)
October 1841 to 1845	Sahle Dengel		Restored
1845	Yohannes III (John III)		Restored
1845 to 1850	Sahle Dengel		Restored
1850 to 1851	Yohannes III (John III)		Restored
1851 to 11 February 1855	Sahle Dengel		Restored
Tewodros Dynasty
9 February 1855 to 13 April 1868	Kasse Hailu	Tewodros II (Theodore II)
Zagwe Dynasty
11 June 1868 to 11 July 1871	Wagshum Gobeze	Tekle Giyorgis II
Tigray Dynasty
11 July 1871 to 9 March 1889	Kassa Mercha	Yohannes IV (John IV)
Solomonid Dynasty
9 March 1889 to 12 December 1913	Sahle Maryam (dejazmach)	Menelik II
12 December 1913 to 27 September 1916	Lij Kifle Yaqub	Iyasu V	Deposed by nobles with the sanction of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church
27 September 1916 to 2 April 1930	Askala Maryam	Zauditu, Empress	♀
2 April 1930 to 2 May 1936	Tafari Makonnen	His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Haile Selassie, King of Kings, Lord of Lords, Elect of God, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah	Crowned 2 November 1930
Italian occupation
May 9, 1936 to May 5, 1941	Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Claimed title "Emperor of Ethiopia"		Not recognised everywhere. Gave up the name in 1943.
Solomonid Dynasty
May 5, 1941 to 12 September 1974	Tafari Mekonnen	His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Haile Selassie, King of Kings, Lord of Lords, Elect of God, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah	Restored; deposed
12 September 1974 to 12 March 1975	Asfa Wossen	Amha Selassie	Emperor-designate, did not take office