Bulgarian language

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Bulgarian
български
Native toBulgaria, Turkey, Serbia, Greece, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia and among emigrant communities worldwide
RegionSoutheastern Europe
Native speakers9 million  (2005–2012)[1][2]
Language family
Indo-European
Writing systemCyrillic (Bulgarian alphabet)
Bulgarian Braille
Official status
Official language in Bulgaria
 European Union
Mount Athos
Recognised minority language in Serbia
 Romania (Banatian variant)
 Ukraine[3]
Regulated byInstitute for the Bulgarian language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Институт за български език към Българската академия на науките (БАН))
Language codes
ISO 639-1bg
ISO 639-2bul
ISO 639-3bul
Linguasphere53-AAA-hb < 53-AAA-h

Bulgarian (български език, [ˈbɤ̞lɡarski ɛˈzik]) is a South Slavic language. It is spoken mainly in Bulgaria and parts of North Macedonia, Serbia, Ukraine and Moldova. The Bulgarian language is similar to the Macedonian and the Serbian languages, which are part of the South Slavic branch of Slavic languages. There are nearly 9 million people in 2011 who use Bulgarian as their main language.[4]

Bulgarian is a part of the so-called Balkan "Sprachbund" or linguistic group, which also includes Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Albanian, and the Torlakian dialect of the Serbian language. This does not mean the languages are necessarily related, but that they share certain loanwords and grammatical characteristics due to frequent contact over the years.

Alphabet

А а
/a/		 Б б
/b/		 В в
/v/		 Г г
/g/		 Д д
/d/		 Е е
/ɛ/		 Ж ж
/ʒ/		 З з
/z/		 И и
/i/		 Й й
/j/
К к
/k/		 Л л
/l/		 М м
/m/		 Н н
/n/		 О о
/ɔ/		 П п
/p/		 Р р
/r/		 С с
/s/		 Т т
/t/		 У у
/u/
Ф ф
/f/		 Х х
/x/		 Ц ц
/ʦ/		 Ч ч
/tʃ/		 Ш ш
/ʃ/		 Щ щ
/ʃt/		 Ъ ъ
/ɤ̞/, /ə/		 Ь ь
/◌ʲ/		 Ю ю
/ju/		 Я я
/ja/

Bulgarian Language Media

  • The Codex Zographensis is one of the oldest manuscripts in the Old Bulgarian language, dated from the late 10th or early 11th century

  • Bulgarian dialects within Bulgaria

  • Extent of Bulgarian dialects according to the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences shown encompassing the Eastern South Slavic dialects. Subregions are differentiated by pronunciation of мъж "man" and зъб "tooth".

  • Areas of Eastern South Slavic languages

  • A modern form of the Bulgarian alphabet, derived from the cursive forms of the letters

  • Recording of the first article of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Bulgarian.

  • Simeon Laudatio written in Old Bulgarian

  • Manifesto of tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria declaring war on Serbia and entering the First World War

  • Front of the Bulgarian identity card (first issued on 29 March 2010).

  • Lidl poster from 2025 informing customers of the dual price labels in Bulgarian lev and in euro

Related pages

References

  1. ↑ Bulgarian language. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.Columbia University Press. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
  2. ↑ Rehm, Georg. The Bulgarian Language in the European Information SocietySpringer Science+Business Media.
  3. ↑ Law of Ukraine "On Principles of State Language Policy, Article 7, part 2 (in Ukrainian)
  4. ↑ Bulgarian language statisticsEthnologue.com. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
This language has its own Wikipedia project. See the Bulgarian language edition.
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