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October 17
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October 17 is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 75 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents
Events
Up to 1900
- 539 BC - Cyrus the Great marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from 10 years of exile.
- 456 - Battle of Placentia: Ricimer, supported by Majorian, defeats the Roman usurper Avitus near Piacenza, in present-day northern Italy.
- 1091 - A strong tornado strikes Central London.
- 1346 - Battle of Neville's Cross: David II of Scotland is captured by Edward III of England, near Durham, and is imprisoned in the Tower of London for 11 years.
- 1448 - Second Battle of Kosovo: A mainly Hungarian army led by John Hunyadi is defeated by an Ottoman army led by Sultan Murad II.
- 1456 - The University of Greifswald is created in Germany.
- 1604 - Johannes Kepler observes a supernova, seeing it in the constellation Orphiucus.
- 1610 – King Louis XIII of France is crowned.
- 1660 - Execution of nine men who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.
- 1662 – Charles II of England sells Dunkirk to France.
- 1676 - Treaty of Zurawno: A ceasefire is agreed between Poland-Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire.
- 1771 - First performance of the opera Ascani in Alba, in Milan. It was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who was only 15 years old at the time.
- 1777 – American Revolutionary War: American troops defeat British troops at the Battle of Saratoga.
- 1781 - American Revolutionary War: British general Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis surrenders at the Siege of Yorktown.
- 1800 - Great Britain takes control of the Dutch Caribbean colony of Curacao.
- 1806 - Former Haitian Revolutionary leader Jean-Jacques Dessalines is killed.
- 1813 - Chilean War of Independence: The Chilean army under Bernardo O'Higgins, in a battle it appeared to have lost, manages to score a victory against a royalist army, in the Battle of El Roble.
- 1854 – The Age, a Melbourne newspaper, begins publication.
- 1860 – In golf, The Open Championship is held for the first time, in Prestwick, Scotland.
- 1888 - Thomas Edison files a patent for the optical phonograph.
1901 – 2000
- 1905 - The October Manifesto is issued by Nicholas II of Russia.
- 1907 - Guglielmo Marconi's company begins his first commercial Transatlantic wireless service between Glace Bay, Nova Scotia and Clifden, Ireland.
- 1917 - First British bombing of Germany in World War I.
- 1919 - Alfonso XIII of Spain opens the first line of the Madrid Metro.
- 1931 – Al Capone is convicted of income tax evasion.
- 1933 – Albert Einstein flees to the United States.
- 1941 - World War II: For the first time in the war, a German submarine attacks an American ship.
- 1941 - World War II: German Wehrmacht troops execute the entire male population of the village of Kerdyllia, Serres, Greece.
- 1943 - The Burma railway is completed.
- 1956 - Chess: Bobby Fischer defeats Donald Byrne in what is dubbed "The Game of the Century".
- 1956 - The first commercial nuclear power station is officially opened by Elizabeth II at Sellafield, Cumbria.
- 1961 – A police clampdown, under the authority of Maurice Papon, turns a peaceful demonstration in support of Algerian independence in Paris into a massacre.
- 1964 - Prime Minister of Australia Robert Menzies opens the artificial Lake Burley Griffin in central Canberra.
- 1965 - The New York City 1964-1965 World's Fair ends.
- 1966 – Botswana and Lesotho join the UN.
- 1966 - A fire in a New York City building kills 12 firefighters.
- 1970 – October Crisis: Pierre Laporte, Vice-Premier of Quebec, is found murdered.
- 1973 - OPEC starts an oil embargo against a number of Western countries.
- 1979 – Mother Theresa wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1979 - The United States Department of Education and United States Department of Health and Human Services are created.
- 1980 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom makes a state visit to Vatican City.
- 1989 – 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake: An earthquake of magnitude 7.1 hits the San Francisco Bay Area, killing 57 people directly, and 6 indirectly. Widespread damage is caused to buildings and roads.
- 1990 - The first version of the Internet Movie Database is released.
- 1994 - Russian journalist Dmitry Kholodov is murdered while investigating corruption in the Armed Forces.
- 1995 - Jeanne Calment officially becomes the longest-lived human ever on this date, though she actually reached this milestone much earlier as the claim of Shigechiyo Izumi to have reached the age of 120 years is no longer considered to be true.
- 1998 – An oil pipeline explosion in Nigeria kills around 1,200 people.
- 2000 – A deadly rail crash occurs at Hatfield, north of London.
From 2001
- 2001 - Israeli tourism minister Rehavam Ze'evi is killed in a terrorist attack.
- 2003 – The pinnacle is fitted to the Taipei 101 building.
- 2005 - Jens Stoltenberg becomes Prime Minister of Norway for a second time.
- 2006 – According to official estimates, the population of the United States reaches 300 million.
Births
Up to 1900
- 1253 - Ivo Kermartin, French saint (d. 1303)
- 1563 - Jodocus Hondius, Flemish cartographer (d. 1611)
- 1577 - Dmitry Pozharsky, Russian prince (d. 1642)
- 1582 – Johann Gerhard, German Lutheran leader (d. 1637)
- 1623 - Francis Turretin, Swiss theologian (d. 1687)
- 1688 - Domenico Zipoli, Italian composer (d. 1726)
- 1696 – King Augustus III of Poland (d. 1763)
- 1719 - Jacques Cazette, French author (d. 1792)
- 1720 - Maria Teresa Agnesi Pinottini, Italian composer (d. 1795)
- 1725 - John Wilkes, English radical, journalist and politician (d. 1797)
- 1729 - Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny, French composer (d. 1817)
- 1734 - Grigori Grigoryevich Orlov, Russian politician (d. 1783)
- 1760 – Claude Henri de Rouvroy, French economist and philosopher (d. 1825)
- 1780 - Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (d. 1850)
- 1803 - Ferenc Deak, Hungarian politician (d. 1876)
- 1813 – Georg Buechner, German playwright (d. 1837)
- 1814 - Yakiv Holovatsky, Ukrainian writer and professor (d. 1888)
- 1817 – Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Bahadur, Hindustani intellectual (d. 1898)
- 1835 – Alexandrine Tinne, Dutch adventurer, explorer and photographer (d. 1869)
- 1850 - Childe Hassam, American painter (d. 1935)
- 1853 – Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (d. 1920)
- 1864 - Robert Lansing, United States Secretary of State (d. 1928)
- 1865 - James Rudolph Garfield, American politician (d. 1950)
- 1883 - Alexander Sutherland Neill, Scottish educator (d. 1973)
- 1883 - Thaddeus Shideler, American hurdler (d. 1966)
- 1886 - Spring Byington, American actress (d. 1971)
- 1890 - Roy Kilner, English cricketer (d. 1928)
- 1892 - Herbert Howells, English composer (d. 1983)
- 1892 - Theodor Eicke, Nazi official (d. 1943)
- 1896 - Prince Roman Petrovich of Russia (d. 1978)
- 1898 - Eileen Sedgwick, American actress (d. 1991)
- 1898 - Shinichi Suzuki, Japanese violin teacher (d. 1998)
- 1898 – Simon Vestdijk, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
- 1900 – Jean Arthur, American actress (d. 1991)
1901 – 1950
- 1902 - Irene Ryan, American actress (d. 1973)
- 1903 – Nathanael West, American writer (d. 1940)
- 1905 - Franco Albini, Italian footballer (d. 1977)
- 1908 - Red Wolfe, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1969)
- 1912 – Pope John Paul I (Albino Luciani) (d. 1978)
- 1912 - Jack Owens, American singer-songwriter (d. 1982)
- 1914 – Jerry Siegel, American cartoonist (d. 1992)
- 1915 – Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
- 1917 - Marsha Hunt, American actress
- 1917 - Norman Leyden, American composer and conductor (d. 2014)
- 1918 – Rita Hayworth, American actress (d. 1987)
- 1918 - Ralph Wilson, American founder and owner of the Buffalo Bills (d. 2014)
- 1919 – Zhao Ziyang, Chinese politician (d. 2005)
- 1919 - Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov, Russian theoretical physicist
- 1920 – Miguel Delibes, Spanish novelist (d. 2010)
- 1920 - Montgomery Clift, American actor (d. 1966)
- 1921 - George Mackay Brown, Scottish poet (d. 1996)
- 1921 - Maria Gorokhovskaya, Soviet gymnast (d. 2001)
- 1923 - Henryk Gulbinowicz, Slovakian cardinal and archbishop
- 1925 – Harry Carpenter, English sports commentator (d. 2010)
- 1926 - Julie Adams, American movie actress
- 1926 - Beverly Garland, American actress (d. 2008)
- 1927 - Friedrich Hirzebruch, German mathematician (d. 2012)
- 1930 - Robert Atkins, American nutritionist (d. 2003)
- 1931 - Jose Alencar, Vice President of Brazil (d. 2011)
- 1931 - Anatoly Pristavkin, Russian writer (d. 2008)
- 1933 - Bill Anders, American astronaut
- 1933 – Jeanine Deckers, Belgian nun (d. 1985)
- 1937 - Foday Sankoh, Sierra Leonean rebel leader (d. 2003)
- 1938 – Evel Knievel, American motorcycle daredevil and stuntman (d. 2007)
- 1945 – Graca Machel, Mozambican politician and humanitarian, former First Lady of Mozambique and South Africa
- 1946 – Adam Michnik, Polish journalist and activist
- 1946 - Cameron Mackintosh, British theatre and musical producer
- 1946 - Bob Seagren, American athlete
- 1947 - Gene Green, American politician
- 1948 – Robert Jordan, American writer (d. 2007)
- 1949 - Owen Arthur, Barbadian Prime Minister
- 1950 - Howard Rollins, American actor (d. 1996)
- 1950 - Philippe Babarin, French cardinal and Archbishop of Lyon
1951 – 1975
- 1951 - Shari Ulrich, Canadian musician and songwriter
- 1951 - Chung Mong-joon, South Korean sports official
- 1954 - Carlos Buhler, American mountaineer
- 1956 - Mae Jemison, American actress
- 1956 - Patrick McCrory, American politician
- 1957 - Lawrence Bender, American producer
- 1958 – Alan Jackson, American singer and songwriter
- 1959 - Francisco Flores Perez, former President of El Salvador
- 1960 - Rob Marshall, American filmmaker
- 1960 - Bernie Nolan, Irish singer and actress (d. 2013)
- 1962 – Mike Judge, American cartoonist, movie maker and voice actor
- 1963 – Sergio Goycochea, Argentine footballer
- 1964 - Dhondup Wangchen, Chinese director and producer
- 1966 – Mark Gatiss, English actor and writer
- 1967 - Rene Dif, Danish musician (Aqua)
- 1967 - Kim Seung-jun, South Korean voice actor
- 1968 – Ziggy Marley, Jamaican musician
- 1968 - Graeme Le Saux, English footballer
- 1968 - Rodolfo Esteban Cardoso, Argentine footballer
- 1969 – Ernie Els, South African golfer
- 1970 - Anil Kumble, Indian cricketer
- 1971 – Chris Kirkpatrick, American singer ('N Sync)
- 1972 – Wyclef Jean, Haitian singer and musician
- 1972 – Tarkan, Turkish singer
- 1972 – Eminem, American rapper and musician
- 1974 - Matthew Macfadyen, British actor
- 1974 - Savatheda Fynes, Bahamian athlete
From 1976
- 1976 – Sebastian Abreu, Uruguayan footballer
- 1977 – Andre Villas-Boas, Portuguese football manager
- 1978 - Jerry Flannery, Irish rugby player
- 1979 – Kimi Raikkonen, Finnish racing driver
- 1981 - Snorri Gudjonsson, Icelandic handball player
- 1983 – Ivan Saenko, Russian footballer
- 1983 - Felicity Jones, British actress
- 1984 - Jelle Klaasen, Dutch darts player
- 1985 - Collins John, Dutch footballer
- 1986 - Aija Brumermane, Latvian basketball player
- 1987 - Hideto Takahashi, Japanese footballer
- 1988 - Christina Crawford, American dancer and professional wrestler
- 1988 - Yuko Oshima, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48)
- 1989 - Sophie Luck, Australian actress
- 1990 - Bianca Bree, Belgian-American actress
- 1990 - Saki Kumagai, Japanese footballer
- 1991 - Tessa James, Australian actress
- 1992 - Nanami Sakuraba, Japanese actress and singer
Deaths
Up to 1900
- 33 - Agrippina the Elder, wife of Germanicus (b. 14 BC)
- 532 – Pope Boniface II
- 1174 – Queen Petronila of Aragon (b. 1135)
- 1586 – Philip Sidney, English courtier, soldier, and writer (killed in battle) (b. 1554)
- 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
- 1660 – Adrian Scrope, English regicide (b. 1601)
- 1673 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English statesman (b. 1630)
- 1757 – René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, French scientist (b. 1683)
- 1776 – Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian (b. 1681)
- 1780 – William Cookworthy, English chemist (b. 1705)
- 1786 – Johann Ludwig Aberli, Swiss artist (b. 1723)
- 1806 – Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Haitian independence leader (b. 1758)
- 1836 - Orest Kiprensky, Russian painter (b. 1782)
- 1837 – Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1778)
- 1849 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish-French musician and composer (b. 1810)
- 1868 - Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (b. 1775)
- 1887 – Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist (b. 1824)
- 1889 - Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (b. 1828)
- 1893 - Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta, French general and politician (b. 1808)
1901 – 2000
- 1910 – Julia Ward Howe, American composer and abolitionist (b. 1819)
- 1931 – Alfons Maria Jakob, German neurologist (b. 1884)
- 1934 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1852)
- 1938 – Karl Kautsky, German-Czech philosopher (b. 1854)
- 1943 - Stefan Starzynski, Polish economist and politician (b. 1893)
- 1947 - John Halliday, American actor (b. 1880)
- 1947 - Arthur M. Hyde, American politician (b. 1877)
- 1958 – Charlie Townsend, English cricketer (b. 1876)
- 1962 – Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter (b. 1882)
- 1963 – Jacques Hadamard, French mathematician (b. 1865)
- 1966 - Sidney Hatch, American athlete (b. 1883)
- 1967 – Henry Pu Yi, last Emperor of China (b. 1906)
- 1970 – Pierre Laporte, Vice-Premier of Quebec (assassinated) (b. 1921)
- 1972 - Turk Broda, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1914)
- 1972 - George, Crown Prince of Serbia (b. 1887)
- 1973 – Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian writer (b. 1926)
- 1978 – Giovanni Gronchi, President of Italy (b. 1887)
- 1979 – S. J. Perelman, American writer (b. 1904)
- 1983 - Raymond Aron, French philosopher (b. 1905)
- 1984 – Henri Michaux, French painter and poet (b. 1899)
- 1991 – Tennessee Ernie Ford, American singer and television performer (b. 1919)
- 1992 – Herman Johannes, Indonesian professor, scientist and politician (b. 1912)
- 1994 - Dmitry Kholodov, Russian journalist (b. 1967)
- 1998 – Joan Hickson, English actress (b. 1906)
- 1998 - Hakim Said, Pakistani scholar and politician (b. 1920)
- 1999 - Nicholas Metropolis, Greek-American mathematician and physicist (b. 1915)
From 2001
- 2001 – Rehavam Ze'evi, Israeli politician (b. 1926)
- 2001 - Micheline Ostermeyer, French athlete and pianist (b. 1922)
- 2002 – Derek Bell, Irish harpist (The Chieftans) (b. 1935)
- 2003 - Janice Rule, American actress (b. 1931)
- 2004 – Uzi Hitman, Israeli singer (b. 1952)
- 2005 – Ba Jin, Chinese writer (b. 1904)
- 2006 - Mario Francesco Pompedda, Italian cardinal (b. 1929)
- 2007 – Joey Bishop, American entertainer (b. 1918)
- 2008 - Levi Stubbs, American baritone singer (b. 1936)
- 2011 - Manfred Gerlach, German politician (b. 1928)
- 2012 - Emile Allais, French skier (b. 1912)
- 2012 - Stanford R. Ovshinsky, American inventor and businessman (b. 1922)
- 2012 - Sylvia Kristel, Dutch actress, model and singer (b. 1952)
- 2014 - Daisuke Oku, Japanese footballer (b. 1976)
Observances
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