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August 2
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August 2 is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 151 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents
Events
Up to 1940
- 338 BC – Rise of Macedon: Philip II of Macedon crushes Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea.
- 216 BC – Punic Wars: In the Battle of Cannae, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art.
- AD 461 – Majorian resigns as Western Roman Emperor; shortly afterwards Libius Severus is declared western Roman emperor by Ricimer.
- 1377 – Russian troops are defeated at the Battle of Pyana River because of drunkenness.
- 1610 – Henry Hudson sails into what is now Hudson Bay, thinking he had reached the Pacific Ocean through the Northwest Passage.
- 1776 – Delegates to the Continental Congress begin to sign the Declaration_of_Independence.
- 1790 – First US Census; records are missing for five states: Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey and Virginia. Destroyed somewhere between that date and 1830.
- 1798 – Second Coalition: End of the Battle of the Nile between French and British navies; France defeated.
- 1830 – Charles X of France leaves the throne to his grandson Henri, Count of Chambord, who is, disputedly, King of France until August 9.
- 1832 – Battle of Bad Axe: US troops defeat Native American Chief Black Hawk.
- 1858 – British Columbia becomes a British colony.
- 1869 – Japan's samurai, farmer, artisan, merchant class system is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese date: June 25, 1869).
- 1870 – Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London.
- 1873 – The Clay Street Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system.
- 1874 – Iceland celebrates 1,000 years of settlement.
- 1876 – In Deadwood, South Dakota, Jack McCall shoots and kills American Western figure Wild Bill Hickok, who was playing a game of cards at the time. The combination of cards he held at the time is now referred to as Dead Man's Hand.
- 1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends.
- 1903 – Fall of the Ottoman Empire: Unsuccessful uprising of the Bulgarians against Ottoman Turkey, also known as the Ilinden uprising.
- 1909 – The 'Tragic Week' uprising in Barcelona against Spain's colonial politics in Morocco is violently crushed by police. Over 100 people are killed.
- 1916 – World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto.
- 1918 – Japan announces that it is deploying troops to Siberia in the aftermath of World War I.
- 1918 – The first General Strike in Canadian history takes place in Vancouver.
- 1922 – A typhoon hits Shantou, Republic of China, killing over 50,000 people.
- 1923 – After the death of Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge becomes President of the United States.
- 1934 – Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany.
- 1937 – Marijuana is made illegal in the United States.
- 1939 – Leo Szilard and Albert Einstein sign a letter to US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, warning of the dangers posed by Nazi Germany and calling for the development of a nuclear weapon.
From 1941
- 1943 – PT-109, with future president of the United States Lieutenant John F. Kennedy aboard, sinks. He manages to save most of the crew.
- 1944 – The Socialist Republic of Macedonia is created.
- 1944 – Beginning of the Treblinka uprising.
- 1945 – World War II: Potsdam Conference, in which the Allied Powers discuss the future of defeated Germany, concludes.
- 1947 – A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain on a flight from Buenos Aires to Santiago de Chile. The wreckage disappears under a glacier and only reappears over 50 years later. The meaning of its last message, "STENDEC", remains a mystery.
- 1950 – The New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures was published on Yankee Stadium, New York.
- 1955 – Velcro is patented.
- 1964 – North Vietnam fires on a US destroyer in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
- 1967 – The second Blackwall Tunnel opened in Greenwich, London.
- 1967 – Turkish sports club Trabzonspor is founded in Trabzon.
- 1968 – An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines, killing over 270 people.
- 1970 – Powder Ridge Rock Festival
- 1973 – A flash fire kills 51 people at the Summerland amusement centre in Douglas, Isle of Man.
- 1975 – In New Orleans, Louisiana, the Superdome officially opens with an American football game between the New Orleans Saints and Houston Oilers.
- 1976 – An intruder breaks into Priscilla Davis's Mockingbird Lane mansion in Fort Worth, Texas. Priscilla Davis and a friend are injured while Andrea Wilborn and Stan Farr are killed. T. Cullen Davis is tried and found innocent of the crime.
- 1980 – A terrorist bombing at the railway station in Bologna, Italy kills 85 people and wounds more than 200.
- 1980 – Hard rock band AC/DC release Back in Black, their first album with lead singer Brian Johnson and their best-selling
- 1985 – A Delta Air Lines Lockheed L-1011 TriStar crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in Texas, killing 137.
- 1989 – Pakistan is re-admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1989 – A massacre is carried out by an Indian Peacekeeping Force in Sri Lanka, killing 64 ethnic Tamil civilians.
- 1990 – On the orders of Saddam Hussein, Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the Gulf War.
- 1994 – Popular Japanese television and movie actor Beat Takeshi is seriously injured in a motorcycle accident.
- 1997 – Australian ski instructor Stuart Diver is rescued as the sole survivor from the Thredbo landslide in New South Wales, Australia, in which 18 lives were lost.
- 1998 – The Second Congo War begins.
- 2003 – A 65th anniversary edition of The Beano is released.
- 2005 – Air France Flight 358 lands at Toronto Pearson International Airport, and runs off the runway, causing the plane to burst into flames. All on board survive, with 12 injured.
Births
Up to 1900
- 1455 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1499)
- 1533 – Theodor Zwinger, medical scholar (d. 1588)
- 1612 – Saskia van Uylenburgh, wife of Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn (d. 1642)
- 1627 – Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten, Dutch painter and writer (d. 1678)
- 1672 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar (d. 1733)
- 1674 – Philip II, Duke of Orléans, regent of France (d. 1723)
- 1696 – Mahmud I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1754)
- 1702 – Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1769)
- 1703 – Lorenzo Ricci, General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1775)
- 1754 – Pierre Charles L'Enfant, architect, city planner (d. 1825)
- 1780 – Marie-Anne Gaboury, French-Canadian settler in Manitoba (d. 1875)
- 1788 – Leopold Gmelin, German chemist (d. 1853)
- 1802 – Nicholas Wiseman, English theologian, cardinal and archbishop (d. 1865)
- 1808 – Augustus French, 9th Governor of Illinois (d. 1864)
- 1815 – Adolf Friedrich von Schack, writer (d. 1894)
- 1820 – John Tyndall, British physicist (d. 1893)
- 1824 – Princess Francisca of Brazil (d. 1898)
- 1825 – J. Neely Johnson, 4th Governor of California (d. 1872)
- 1827 – Manuel Pavia y Rodriguez de Albuquerque, Spanish general (d. 1895)
- 1834 – Frédéric Bartholdi, sculptor (d. 1904)
- 1835 – Elisha Gray, American inventor and founder of Western Electric (d. 1901)
- 1849 – Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (d. 1882)
- 1854 – Milan I, King of Serbia (d. 1901)
- 1858 – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Regent of the Netherlands (d. 1934)
- 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (d. 1933)
- 1865 – John Radecki, Australian stained glass artist (d. 1955)
- 1867 – Ernest Dowson, English poet (d. 1900)
- 1868 – King Constantine I of Greece (d. 1923)
- 1871 – John French Sloan, artist (d. 1951)
- 1875 – Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian general (d. 1957)
- 1876 – Pingali Venkayya, designer of the Flag of India (d. 1963)
- 1878 – Aino Kallas, Finnish-Estonian writer (d. 1956)
- 1882 – Red Ames, American baseball player (d. 1936)
- 1883 – Jonathan Wainwright, American general (d. 1953)
- 1884 – Romulo Gallegos, 46th President of Venezuela (d. 1969)
- 1886 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy, Canadian aviator (d. 1961)
- 1891 – Arthur Bliss, English composer and conductor (d. 1975)
- 1891 – Viktor Zhirmunsky, Russian literary historian and linguist (d. 1971)
- 1892 – Jack Warner, Canadian movie producer (d. 1978)
- 1894 – Carlo Galimberti, Italian weightlifter (d. 1939)
- 1897 – Max Weber, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1974)
- 1897 – Karl Otto Koch, German SS officer (d. 1945)
- 1900 – Helen Morgan, actress (d. 1941)
1901 – 1950
- 1902 – Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Egyptian Coptic Church Patriarch (d. 1971)
- 1905 – Karl Amadeus Hartmann, composer (d. 1963)
- 1905 – Myrna Loy, American actress (d. 1993)
- 1905 – Rudolf Prack, actor (d. 1981)
- 1912 – Vladimir Zerjavic, Croatian statistician (d. 2001)
- 1912 – Ann Dvorak, American actress (d. 1979)
- 1914 – Beatrice Straight, actress (d. 2001)
- 1915 – Gary Merrill, actor (d. 1990)
- 1919 – Carlo Savina, Italian movie score composer (d. 2002)
- 1921 – Ruth Barcan Marcus, American philosopher and logician (d. 2012)
- 1922 – Paul Laxalt, 22nd Governor of Nevada
- 1923 – Shimon Peres, 9th President of Israel
- 1924 – James Baldwin, American writer (d. 1987)
- 1924 – Carroll O'Connor, actor (d. 2001)
- 1925 – John McCormack, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1925 – Alan Whicker, British journalist and broadcaster (d. 2013)
- 1925 – Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentinian dictator (d. 2013)
- 1929 – K.M. Peyton, English writer
- 1929 – Vidya Charan Shukla, Indian politician (d. 2013)
- 1932 – Peter O'Toole, Irish-British actor (d. 2013)
- 1932 – Lamar Hunt, American sportsman (d. 2006)
- 1933 – Lorenzo Milam, writer and broadcaster
- 1934 – Valery Bykovsky, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1937 – Garth Hudson, Canadian musician, organist/keyboardist with The Band
- 1938 – Paul Jenkins, American actor (d. 2013)
- 1939 – Wes Craven, movie director
- 1939 – John W. Snow, American politician
- 1941 – Jules Hoffmann, Luxembourg-French biologist and Nobel Prize winner
- 1941 – Francois Weyergans, Belgian writer and director
- 1941 – Doris Coley, singer (Shirelles) (d. 2000)
- 1942 – Isabel Allende, Chilean-American writer
- 1942 – Leo Beenhakker, Dutch football coach
- 1942 – Juan Formell, Cuban musician and composer (d. 2014)
- 1943 – Jon R. Cavaiani, American soldier (d. 2014)
- 1944 – Jim Capaldi, British drummer, singer, and songwriter (Traffic) (d. 2005)
- 1944 – Nana Vasconcelos, Brazilian singer and musician
- 1945 – Joanna Cassidy, American actress
- 1948 – Dennis Prager, radio talk show host and writer
- 1949 – Mario Illien, Swiss engineer
- 1950 – Jussi Adler-Olsen, Danish writer
- 1950 – Lance Ito, American judge
1951 – 1975
- 1951 – Per Westerberg, Swedish politician
- 1953 – Donnie Munro, Scottish musician and singer, formerly of the band Runrig
- 1953 – Butch Patrick, American actor
- 1954 – Ken MacLeod, Scottish writer
- 1954 – Sammy McIlroy, Irish footballer
- 1956 – Fulvio Melia, Italian-American physicist, astrophysicist and writer
- 1956 – Isabel Pantoja, Spanish singer
- 1957 – Mojo Nixon, musician and actor
- 1961 – Linda Fratianne, American figure skater
- 1961 – Mike Ross, American politician
- 1963 – Laura Bennett, American fashion designer
- 1964 – Mary-Louise Parker, American actress
- 1965 – Hisanobu Watanabe, Japanese baseball player and coach
- 1968 – Stefan Effenberg, German footballer
- 1968 – Russell Latapy, Trinidadian footballer
- 1969 – Fernando Couto, Portuguese footballer
- 1970 – Tony Amonte, hockey player
- 1972 – Corinne Rey-Bellet, Swiss ski racer (d. 2006)
- 1972 – Justyna Steczkowska, Polish singer
- 1972 – Mohamed Al-Deayea, Saudi Arabian footballer
- 1972 – Kevin Smith, actor, director, and screenwriter
- 1973 – Miguel Mendonca, Anglo-Azorean writer
- 1973 – Susie O'Neill, Australian swimmer
- 1974 – Jeremy Castle, singer and songwriter
- 1975 – Xu Huaiwen, Chinese-born German badminton player
- 1975 – Mineiro, Brazilian footballer
From 1976
- 1976 – Sam Worthington, Australian actor
- 1976 – Kati Wilhelm, German biathlete
- 1977 – Edward Furlong, American actor
- 1978 – Deividas Semberas, Lithuanian footballer
- 1982 – Hélder Postiga, Portuguese footballer
- 1983 – Michel Bastos, Brazilian footballer
- 1984 – Giampaolo Pazzini, Italian footballer
- 1985 – Stephen Ferris, Irish rugby player
- 1985 – Britt Nicole, American singer
- 1986 – Alisha Annas, musician
- 1986 – Mathieu Razanakolona, Malagasy skier
- 1987 – Yura Movsisyan, Armenian footballer
- 1989 – Nacer Chadli, Belgian footballer
- 1992 – Hallie Kate Eisenberg, American actress
- 1997 – Christina Robinson, American actress
Deaths
Up to 1900
- 640 – Pope Severus
- 686 – Pope John V
- 924 – King Ælfweard of Wessex (b. 904)
- 1100 – King William II of England (b. 1056)
- 1222 – Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (b. 1156)
- 1316 – Louis of Burgundy (b. 1297)
- 1332 – King Christopher II of Denmark (b. 1276)
- 1512 – Alessandro Achillini, Italian physician and philosopher (b. 1463)
- 1546 – Peter Faber, Jesuit priest (b. 1506)
- 1589 – King Henry III of France (b. 1551)
- 1611 – Kato Kiyomasa, Japanese warlord and samurai (b. 1562)
- 1644 – Bernardo Strozzi, Italian Baroque painter (b. 1581)
- 1788 – Thomas Gainsborough, English painter (b. 1727)
- 1799 – Pope Pius VI (b. 1717)
- 1823 – Lazare Carnot, French general, politician and mathematician (b. 1753)
- 1849 – Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Egyptian military officer and statesman (b. 1769)
- 1859 – Horace Mann, American educator and abolitionist (b. 1796)
- 1876 – Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter (b. 1837)
After 1900
- 1913 – Ferenc Pfaff, Hungarian architect (b. 1861)
- 1921 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (b. 1873)
- 1922 – Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-American inventor (b. 1847)
- 1923 – Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
- 1929 – Mae Costello, American actress (b. 1882)
- 1932 – Ignaz Seipel, Chancellor of Austria (b. 1876)
- 1934 – Paul von Hindenburg, German military figure and President (b. 1847)
- 1936 – Louis Bleriot, French aviator (b. 1872)
- 1945 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer (b. 1863)
- 1955 – Alfred Lepine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1901)
- 1973 – Jean-Pierre Melville, French movie director (b. 1917)
- 1976 – Fritz Lang, Austrian movie director (b. 1890)
- 1988 – Raymond Carver, American writer (b. 1938)
- 1992 – Michel Berger, French singer-songwriter and songwriter (b. 1947)
- 1996 – Mohamed Farah Aidid, Somali warlord (b. 1934)
- 1996 – Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1917)
- 1997 – Fela Kuti, Nigerian musician (b. 1938)
- 1997 – William S. Burroughs, American writer (b. 1914)
- 1998 – Shari Lewis, American television host and puppeteer (b. 1933)
- 2004 – Francois Craenhals, Belgian comics artist (b. 1926)
- 2004 – Jose Pastoriza, Argentine footballer (b. 1942)
- 2005 – Jay Hammond, former Governor of Alaska (b. 1922)
- 2007 – Holden Roberto, Angolan rebel and activist (b. 1923)
- 2007 – Kay Dotrice, British actress (b. 1929)
- 2011 – Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuelan-born immunologist and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1920)
- 2012 – Mihaela Ursuleasa, Romanian pianist (b. 1978)
- 2014 – Barbara Prammer, Austrian politician (b. 1954)
Observances
- Republic Day (Republic of Macedonia)
- Emancipation Day (Bahamas)
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