John Gorton
Sir John Grey Gorton (9 September 1911 – 19 May 2002) was the 19th Prime Minister of Australia. He was elected Liberal Party leader after Harold Holt was drowned. He was a fighter pilot during the Second World War and had a battle scarred face. He said he was "Australian to the bootheels".
Rt Hon Sir John Gorton | |
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| 19th Prime Minister of Australia | |
| In office 10 January 1968 – 10 March 1971 | |
| Preceded by | John McEwen |
| Succeeded by | William McMahon |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 9 September 1911 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 19 May 2002 (aged 90) Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Political party | Liberal |
Bettina Brown married Gorton in 1935. She died in 1983.[1] Then, in 1993, Gorton married Nancy Home.
Prime Minister of Australia
As Prime Minister he said he wanted to help Australian movies and the arts. His government set up the Australian Council for the Arts, the Australian Film Development Corporation and the National Film and Television Training School. His government made men and women get equal pay for equal work. His government increased pensions and allowances and education scholarships and provided free health care to 250,000 poor people (but not universal health care).[2] His private secretary was businesswoman Ainsley Gotto.
Gorton's government kept Australia in the Vietnam War but stopped replacing troops at the end of 1970 - the beginning of the end of Australia being in the war. He had good relations with U.S. President Richard Nixon and with Britain's Prime Ministers, but this was a time when Australia was starting to move closer to Asia.
Gorton was popular with lots of ordinary people, but not a good manager of other people in his party. State Liberal leaders did not like that he was moving more power to Canberra (the national capital) and some other Liberals did not like his policies or personal behaviour. The Liberals lost votes in the 1969 election and the half-senate election in 1970. In 1971, the Defence Minister, Malcolm Fraser, resigned and said Gorton was "not fit to hold the great office of Prime Minister". The Liberal party split 50/50 over a vote to replace him and he decided not to vote for himself and resigned as their leader. So he also stopped being Prime Minister. Gorton never forgave Malcolm Fraser.
Afterwards
William McMahon became Prime Minister and Gorton became Defence Minister from March to August, 1971. But Gorton wrote articles for the newspapers about his time in office - headed: "I did it my way" - and McMahon got him to resign. After Gough Whitlam's Labor Party won in 1972, Liberal leader Billy Snedden made Gorton the Opposition Spokesman for the Environment. Gorton then supported abortion and got Parliament to say that homosexuality should be legal.
When Malcolm Fraser became leader of the Liberal Party, Gorton walked out of the party room. A month later he resigned from the party. Then he tried to get elected an independent to the Senate in 1975. Gorton was unhappy with the way the Governor General sacked Gough Whitlam and the way Malcolm Fraser became Prime Minister, so he said people should vote Labor in 1975. He then retired from politics but worked in radio and supported things like drug law changes. With Fraser gone, John Howard's Liberal Party got Gorton back in the party and had a special gala dinner in Canberra in 1999. In 2001, a big party was held for his 90th birthday. It was organised by some of his old Liberal and National Party friends, but there were also messages from the Queen, U.S. and British leaders and all the Labor Prime Ministers of Australia.[3]
He died in Sydney in 2002.
John Gorton Media
Gorton as a toddler in 1913
Gorton as a child and his mother Alice in 1915
Gorton (seated, left) with other senior students and a teacher at Geelong Grammar School, about 1930
John Grey Gorton just prior to leaving for active service in World War two in 1941.
Gorton prior to leaving for war service in 1941
John Gorton in 1954
Gorton in 1965 with External Affairs Minister Paul Hasluck and Taiwanese foreign minister Shen Chang-huan
Gorton with CSIRO chairman Fred White and UNESCO Director-General René Maheu at a regional science organisation meeting in 1964
John Gorton
,_teacher_and_other_senior_students,_Geelong_Grammar,_ca_1930.jpg)
References
- ↑ corporateName=National Archives of Australia; address=Queen Victoria Terrace, Parkes. "Bettina Gorton - John Gorton (10 January 1968 – 10 March 1971) and Bettina Gorton". primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ corporateName=National Archives of Australia; address=Queen Victoria Terrace, Parkes. "In office - John Gorton (10 January 1968 – 10 March 1971) and Bettina Gorton". primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ corporateName=National Archives of Australia; address=Queen Victoria Terrace, Parkes. "After office - John Gorton (10 January 1968 – 10 March 1971) and Bettina Gorton". primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
| Prime Ministers of Australia | 
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|---|---|
| Barton | Deakin | Watson | Reid | Fisher | Cook | Hughes | Bruce | Scullin | Lyons | Page | Menzies | Fadden | Curtin | Forde | Chifley | Holt | McEwen | Gorton | McMahon | Whitlam | Fraser | Hawke | Keating | Howard | Rudd | Gillard | Abbott | |