Late Ottoman genocides

The late Ottoman genocides refer to the three genocides committed by members of the Ottoman Empire's Muslim ruling class during and after World War I,^[1] when the empire was allied with Bulgaria, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.^[1] The three genocides are as follows:

The mother and her child are genocide survivors fleeing the devastation of their homeland.

Armenians murdered by Turks, thrown together in a heap.

Greek Orthodox priest looks at his massacred flock. Photo from the archives of the German Deutsche Bank, which was working in the region financing a railway network when the killings began. Asia Minor, 1916.

Monument in Berlin to the victims of Ottoman genocides of 1912–22. It names "Armenians", "Greeks of Asia Minor, Pontus and East Thrace" and "Aramaeans (Syriacs/Assyrian/Chaldeans)."

Related pages

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1
- Schaller, Dominik J.. Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies—introduction. Journal of Genocide Research 10 (1) (2008). p. 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820.
- Late Ottoman Genocides: The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies (in en) (2013)Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-99045-1.
- Shirinian, George N.. Genocide in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913–1923 (in en) (2017)Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78533-433-7.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2
- Travis, Hannibal. Forgotten Genocides (2011). doi:10.9783/9780812204384-009. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
- Travis, Hannibal. The Assyrian Genocide (2017)Routledge. ISBN 9781315269832. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
- Tower, Daniel J.. Religious Categories and the Construction of the Indigenous (2017). p. 178–202. doi:10.1163/9789004328983_010. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
- Diamadis, Panayiotis. Controversies in the Field of Genocide Studies (2017)Routledge. ISBN 9781351295000. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
- Mutlu-Numansen, Sofia. A Struggle for Genocide Recognition: How the Aramean, Assyrian, and Chaldean Diasporas Link Past and Present. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 33 (3) (2019). p. 412–428. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcz045. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2
- Bat Ye’or, Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide (Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2002), p. 169.
- Daisan, Bar (May 11, 2017). "New Book About the Assyrian Genocide Published". Assyrian International News Agency (AINA). http://www.aina.org/news/20170511174103.htm. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
- Isaac, Mardean (January 9, 2018). "Turkey’s Genocide of the Assyrians Was an Islamist Crime". Tablet Magazine. https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/turkeys-genocide-of-the-assyrians. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
- Couretas, John. Deportation and annihilation: Turkey’s genocide of Christian Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians (1894-1924). Religion & Liberty 29 (2) (September 13, 2019). Retrieved February 2, 2025.
- Durie, Mark. Islamic Antisemitism Drives the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Middle East Quarterly 29 (3) (2022). Retrieved February 2, 2025.

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[A-1] 1.0 ^1.1
Schaller, Dominik J.. Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies—introduction. Journal of Genocide Research 10 (1) (2008). p. 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820.

Late Ottoman Genocides: The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies (in en) (2013)Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-99045-1.

Shirinian, George N.. Genocide in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913–1923 (in en) (2017)Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78533-433-7.

[2] Schaller, Dominik J.. Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies—introduction. Journal of Genocide Research 10 (1) (2008). p. 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820.

[3] Late Ottoman Genocides: The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies (in en) (2013)Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-99045-1.

[4] Shirinian, George N.. Genocide in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913–1923 (in en) (2017)Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78533-433-7.

[B-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2
Travis, Hannibal. Forgotten Genocides (2011). doi:10.9783/9780812204384-009. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

Travis, Hannibal. The Assyrian Genocide (2017)Routledge. ISBN 9781315269832. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

Tower, Daniel J.. Religious Categories and the Construction of the Indigenous (2017). p. 178–202. doi:10.1163/9789004328983_010. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

Diamadis, Panayiotis. Controversies in the Field of Genocide Studies (2017)Routledge. ISBN 9781351295000. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

Mutlu-Numansen, Sofia. A Struggle for Genocide Recognition: How the Aramean, Assyrian, and Chaldean Diasporas Link Past and Present. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 33 (3) (2019). p. 412–428. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcz045. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[6] Travis, Hannibal. Forgotten Genocides (2011). doi:10.9783/9780812204384-009. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[7] Travis, Hannibal. The Assyrian Genocide (2017)Routledge. ISBN 9781315269832. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[8] Tower, Daniel J.. Religious Categories and the Construction of the Indigenous (2017). p. 178–202. doi:10.1163/9789004328983_010. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[9] Diamadis, Panayiotis. Controversies in the Field of Genocide Studies (2017)Routledge. ISBN 9781351295000. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[10] Mutlu-Numansen, Sofia. A Struggle for Genocide Recognition: How the Aramean, Assyrian, and Chaldean Diasporas Link Past and Present. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 33 (3) (2019). p. 412–428. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcz045. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[C-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2
Bat Ye’or, Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide (Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2002), p. 169.

Daisan, Bar (May 11, 2017). "New Book About the Assyrian Genocide Published". Assyrian International News Agency (AINA). http://www.aina.org/news/20170511174103.htm. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

Isaac, Mardean (January 9, 2018). "Turkey’s Genocide of the Assyrians Was an Islamist Crime". Tablet Magazine. https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/turkeys-genocide-of-the-assyrians. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

Couretas, John. Deportation and annihilation: Turkey’s genocide of Christian Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians (1894-1924). Religion & Liberty 29 (2) (September 13, 2019). Retrieved February 2, 2025.

Durie, Mark. Islamic Antisemitism Drives the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Middle East Quarterly 29 (3) (2022). Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[12] Bat Ye’or, Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide (Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2002), p. 169.

[13] Daisan, Bar (May 11, 2017). "New Book About the Assyrian Genocide Published". Assyrian International News Agency (AINA). http://www.aina.org/news/20170511174103.htm. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[14] Isaac, Mardean (January 9, 2018). "Turkey’s Genocide of the Assyrians Was an Islamist Crime". Tablet Magazine. https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/turkeys-genocide-of-the-assyrians. Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[15] Couretas, John. Deportation and annihilation: Turkey’s genocide of Christian Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians (1894-1924). Religion & Liberty 29 (2) (September 13, 2019). Retrieved February 2, 2025.

[16] Durie, Mark. Islamic Antisemitism Drives the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Middle East Quarterly 29 (3) (2022). Retrieved February 2, 2025.

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