Melbourne
Melbourne (Woiwurrung: Narrm) is the second-largest city in Australia. It is the capital of Victoria, a state in the south-east of Australia. The population of Melbourne was just over five million in 2020.[8]
| Melbourne Narrm Victoria | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 (From top left to bottom right) Melbourne City Centre, Flinders Street Station, Shrine of Remembrance, Federation Square, Melbourne Cricket Ground, Royal Exhibition Building. | |||||||||
 Map of Melbourne, Australia, printable and editable | |||||||||
| Lua error in Module:Infobox_mapframe at line 118: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81361°S 144.96306°ECoordinates: 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81361°S 144.96306°E | ||||||||
| Population | 3,720,300 (2006)[1] (2nd) | ||||||||
| • Density | 372.309/km2 (964.28/sq mi) | ||||||||
| Established | 30 August 1835 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 31 m (102 ft) | ||||||||
| Area | 9,992.5 km2 (3,858.1 sq mi)(GCCSA)[2] | ||||||||
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10) | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| LGA(s) | 31 Municipalities across Greater Melbourne | ||||||||
| County | Grant, Bourke, Mornington | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | 54 electoral districts and regions | ||||||||
| Federal division(s) | 23 Divisions | ||||||||
| |||||||||
"Melbourne" is an ambiguous name. The local City of Melbourne is quite small, as the City of London is. But the metropolitan area of Melbourne is nearly 9,993 km2 square kilometers (3,858 sq mi).
Melbourne is a multicultural city (it welcomes people and cultures from all over the world). It is famous for its trams. In the centre of Melbourne is a river called the Yarra River. Melbourne also has many big parks and gardens and some beaches.
There are many things to do in Melbourne. Visitors in Melbourne can go to museums, look at art, eat food at restaurants, go to shops and visitors can enjoy of international events like Australian Open and Formula One both in the early year.
Melbourne has been the winner of the Economist's 'World's most liveable city' award seven times in a row (winner 2010–2017).
History
Melbourne was founded in 1835 by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner. In 1851, some people found gold near Melbourne.[9] Melbourne grew very quickly because people came from all over the world to look for gold. At the end of the 19th century, Melbourne was called "Marvellous Melbourne". Melbourne was the biggest and most important city in Australia for many years, but now Sydney is larger (but perhaps not more important). The first Australian government was in Melbourne from 1901 to 1927, when it moved to Canberra.
Facilities
There is a lot of industry (factories) and commerce (buying and selling) in Melbourne. Many of Australia's largest companies and many large companies from other countries work there. It is home to Australia's largest seaport.
There are a number of universities (the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Deakin University, Victoria University, La Trobe University, RMIT University, Swinburne University and the Australian Catholic University).
Much of Australia's automotive (car) industry is there, for example the engine maker "Holden", and "Ford" and "Toyota" car builders, Although all three of these companies have announced plans to move their manufacturing plants overseas with Ford already shutting down its manufacturing plant in Broadmeadows.
Population
Many people from different countries live in Melbourne. In fact 43% of the people living in Melbourne were born outside Australia or have parents from another country. All together people from 233 countries live in Melbourne and people with 116 different religions. The population (1991) is 3,156,700, and has grown in 2006 to 3,720,300.
| Melbourne Population by year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1836 | 177 | |
| 1851 | 29,000 | |
| 1854 | 123,000 | (gold rush) |
| 1860 | 140,000 | |
| 1880 | 280,000 | |
| 1890 | 490,000 | |
| 1895 | 900,000 | (economic collapse) |
| 1956 | 1,500,000 | |
| 1981 | 2,806,000 | |
| 1991 | 3,156,700 | (economic slump) |
| 2001 | 3,366,542 | |
| 2004 | 3,592,975 | |
| 2006 | 3,720,300 | (2006 estimate) |
Events
- 1901 - Opening of the first Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia
- 1956 - The Olympic Games were in Melbourne.
- 2006 - The Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games
Sister cities
Melbourne has six sister cities. They are:
- Osaka, Japan (1978)
- Tianjin, China (PRC) (1980)
- Thessaloniki, Greece (1984)
- Boston, United States (1985)
- Saint Petersburg, Russia (1989)
- Milan, Italy (2004)
Climate
Melbourne has a moderate oceanic climate (Cfb) with warm summers and cool, damp and often cloudy winters. The weather is changeable, especially in summer, giving Melbourne a name for having "four seasons in one day". This is because it is located between the hot inland areas in the north and the cool Southern Ocean.
Cold fronts in the area can bring gales, thunderstorms and hail in spring and summer. Even though it gets severe weather, the city is actually not very rainy with an annual rainfall total of 648.3 mm (25.52 in). Extreme heat can occur in Melbourne, with the highest temperature recorded being 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. Last time Melbourne saw snow was in 1986.
| Climate data for Melbourne Airport (1991–2020 averages, 1970–2022 extremes) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 46.0 (114.8) |
46.8 (116.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
34.5 (94.1) |
27.0 (80.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
30.2 (86.4) |
36.0 (96.8) |
41.6 (106.9) |
44.6 (112.3) |
46.8 |
| Average high °C (°F) | 27.0 (80.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.7 (58.5) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.0 (68) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
20.17 (68.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
12.8 (55) |
10.1 (50.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
7.2 (45) |
8.7 (47.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
9.73 (49.52) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
3.7 (38.7) |
1.2 (34.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
-0.9 (30.4) |
-2.5 (27.5) |
-2.5 (27.5) |
-1.1 (30) |
1.0 (33.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
3.5 (38.3) |
-17.8 |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 39.3 (1.547) |
41.4 (1.63) |
37.5 (1.476) |
42.1 (1.657) |
34.3 (1.35) |
41.5 (1.634) |
32.8 (1.291) |
39.3 (1.547) |
46.1 (1.815) |
48.5 (1.909) |
60.1 (2.366) |
52.5 (2.067) |
515.5 (20.295) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 8.3 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 14.8 | 13.9 | 12.5 | 10.8 | 9.9 | 135.0 |
| Sunshine hours | 272.8 | 231.7 | 226.3 | 183.0 | 142.6 | 120.0 | 136.4 | 167.4 | 186.0 | 226.3 | 225.0 | 263.5 | 2,381.0 |
| Source: [10] | |||||||||||||
Places to visit
- Federation Square
- Queen Victoria Market
- National Gallery of Melbourne
- Melbourne Zoo
- Flinder Street Station
- Luna Park
- Melbourne Museum
- Eureka Tower
- Crown Casino
- St Kilda Beach, Victoria
- MCG (Melbourne Cricket Ground)
Melbourne Media
Scanned image of watercolor by W. F. E. Liardet (1839).
South Melbourne's "Canvas Town" provided temporary accommodation for the thousands of migrants who arrived each week during the 1850s gold rush.
A large crowd outside the Victorian Supreme Court, celebrating the release of the Eureka rebels in 1855
Elizabeth Street lined with buildings from the "Marvellous Melbourne" era
The Big Picture, the opening of the first Parliament of Australia on 9 May 1901, painted by Tom Roberts
Orica House (formerly ICI House), a symbol of modernity in post-war Melbourne
The skyline of Melbourne from Port Melbourne, 2023
Map of Melbourne and Geelong urban areas
Storm passing over the CBD in August. Melbourne is said to have "four seasons in one day" due to its changeable weather.
Related pages
References
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: Melbourne |
- ↑ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2015–16". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017. ERP at 30 June 2016.
- ↑ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2015–16: Population Estimates by Statistical Area Level 2 (ASGS 2016), 2006 to 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2016.
- ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and CANBERRA". Geoscience Australia. March 2004.
- ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and ADELAIDE". Geoscience Australia. March 2004.
- ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and SYDNEY". Geoscience Australia. March 2004.
- ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and BRISBANE". Geoscience Australia. March 2004.
- ↑ "Great Circle Distance between MELBOURNE and PERTH". Geoscience Australia. March 2004.
- ↑ "A tale of three cities: Populations soar in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane" (in en-AU). ABC News. 2018-04-24. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-24/melbourne-sydney-brisbane-populations-soar-growth-drivers-differ/9693470. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
- ↑ Cultural Heritage Unit, Department of History. "Gold in Melbourne - Concept - Electronic Encyclopedia of Gold in Australia". www.egold.net.au.
- ↑ "Melbourne Airport". BOM. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.