Twin town

This page is about contact between cities in different countries. For the "Twin Cities" in Minnesota, see Minneapolis-Saint Paul.

Twin towns are towns or cities in different countries which are paired to encourage human contact and cultural links.

In Europe, the pairs of towns are called twin towns, but other languages say friendship towns or partner towns; in North America and Australasia, the towns are called sister cities. Brother cities was the name of twinned cities in the old Soviet bloc.

Twin towns often (but not always) have similar populations, industries and other characteristics. Sometimes, even larger areas enter into "twinning" agreements, such as that between the provinces of Hainan in China and Jeju in South Korea.

Europe

The earliest form of town twinning in Europe was between the German city of Paderborn and the French city of Le Mans in 836, although this was not officially established as a modern town twinning arrangement until 1967.

Coventry, United Kingdom was the first ever city to "twin" with another city (Stalingrad, Soviet Union) and hence began the modern practice of twinning.

After the Second World War twinning was a way to bring European people into a closer understanding of each other and to promote cross-border projects and peace.

For example, Coventry twinned with Dresden as an act of peace and reconciliation, both cities having been heavily bombed during the war. Each twin city country is represented in a specific ward of the city and in each ward has a peace garden dedicated to that twin city.

Another early example of town twinning dates back to 1947 when Bristol Corporation (later Bristol City Council) sent five 'leading citizens' on a goodwill mission to Hanover.

Twinning is more popular in Europe than anywhere else, but the idea has now spread to other continents.

Since 1989, the European Union has had a support scheme for town twinning. In 2003 an annual budget of about 12 million euros was given to about 1,300 projects.

North America

The first city in North America to establish a sister city relationship was Toledo, Ohio, United States, with Toledo, Spain in 1931. In 1944, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada twinned with the Ukrainian city of Odesa, which at the time was part of the Soviet Union. This was to show support and to help the allied port city during World War II.

Images

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  Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany

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  Saarbrücken, Germany is twinned with Tbilisi, Georgia

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  Four twinning towns of Brzeg Dolny, Poland

Twin Town Media

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  Fingerposts in Oskarshamn, Sweden, showing the direction from the post of each of the city's twin towns

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  A sample twinning agreement (between Castellabate, Italy ('gemellaggio') and Blieskastel, Germany ('Partnerschaft'))

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  From left, mayors Kåre Nordgård of Tromsø and George M. Sullivan of Anchorage, Alaska meet in September 1969 to kick off their sister city relationship.

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  Column dedicated to Paris in Rome

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  Dull, Perth and Kinross is twinned with Boring, Oregon.

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  Los Angeles City Hall with twin towns fingerpost

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  Thessaloniki stele, in sister city Melbourne

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  Esfahan Street in Kuala Lumpur (top) and Kuala Lumpur Avenue in Isfahan (bottom)

Other websites

• Town-twinning information from the European Commission
• Sister Cities International (cities twinned with cities in the USA)
• Germany and the town twinning movement
• List of UK twin towns Archived 2007-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
• Toledo Sister Cities International
• Two Toledos Documentary
• Town twinning in Europe's municipalities, towns and regions Archived 2006-12-22 at the Wayback Machine