Military camouflage

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Marine sniper in ghillie suit

Painted for winter fighting

Military camouflage is a type of clothing, fabric covering, or painted pattern used by militaries and armies to make it harder to see soldiers and weapons such as artillery guns and military vehicles. Camouflage clothes, fabric coverings, and paint use a colored pattern of several colors that is designed to blend in with the surroundings. Camouflage patterns are also used for hunting clothes.

Types of camouflage patterns

A simple example of common camouflage

The SS-plane-tree pattern (autumn variation) from 1937

Camouflage patterns used in desert areas, are beige and light brown. Camouflage patterns used in forested areas, mix different green and brown colors. Camouflage patterns used in urban areas mix grey, white, and black colors. Camouflage for snowy areas use white colors to blend in with the snow.

History

Camouflage became an important part of modern military tactics when the accuracy of rifles and cannons improved at the end of the 1800s. But armies continued to use bright colours and designs until the 20th century. During World War II camouflage became a common feature in military uniforms. As well, many military vehicles such as planes and trucks were painted with camouflage patterns.

Different countries use different types of military camouflage patterns.

Military Camouflage Media

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  A-7D Corsairs in a disruptive pattern, countershaded with white, on a disruptively painted surface, Thailand, 1972.

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  A Ferret armoured car with "Berlin camouflage" meant to hide it against that city's concrete buildings. Such terrain-specific patterns are rare.

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  Croatian army uniform (right) had by 2008 diverged from the former Yugoslavian army pattern, apparently for cultural reasons such as political identification.

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  Finnish field gun during the Winter War, showing improvised snow camouflage made from bedsheets and whitewash

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  The Canadian Forces were the first army to issue pixellated digital camouflage for all units with their disruptively patterned CADPAT.

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  A Swedish Visby class corvette, exhibiting both conventional visual camouflage and an anti-radar (stealth) design

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  95th Rifles Regiment (1802–1816) reenactors in rifle green uniform

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  The Relief of Ladysmith by John Henry Frederick Bacon shows the khaki uniforms used by the British in the Second Boer War.

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  Restored British 8 inch howitzer in WWI pattern, showing disruptive camouflage

References

• Alan Raven - The Development of Naval Camouflage 1914 – 1945
• Roy R. Behrens - Art and Camouflage: An Annotated Bibliography Archived 2006-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
• U.S. Army manual FM 21-76 on camouflage Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
• Guy Hartcup - Camouflage: A History of Concealment and Deception in War (1980)
• WWII War Department Field Manual FM 5-20B: Camouflage of Vehicles (1944)
• Blechman, Hardy and Newman, Alex (2004). DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material. DPM Ltd. ISBN 0-9543404-0-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Behrens, Roy R. (2002). FALSE COLORS: Art, Design and Modern Camouflage. Bobolink Books. ISBN 0-9713244-0-9.
• Everdell, William R. (1997). The First Moderns. University of Chicago Press.
• History of British Military Uniforms. Archived 2008-02-25 at the Wayback Machine

Other websites

• Henrik Clausen Archived 2007-02-06 at the Wayback Machine
• Kamouflage.net
• Crye Precision's Multicam multi-environment pattern
• Roggenwolf digital camouflage Archived 2019-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
• Hyperstealth Biotechnology fractal camouflage