Mule deer
The mule deer (Odocileus hemionus) is a species of deer. They are sometimes called black-tailed deer. They live in western North America. Their name was given to them because of their mule-like ears. There are many subspecies, including the black-tailed deer.[1][2][3][4] Unlike the white-tailed deer, mule deer lives on land west of the Missouri River. They also live in the Rocky Mountains region of North America. Mule deer have been introduced to Argentina.
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| Mule deer male and female in Modoc County, California | |
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| Species: | O. hemionus
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| Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)
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The mule deer's favorite food is new plants that grow in the spring. They eat a large number of their yearly calories during spring feeding. Because spring comes later in colder places, the mule deer move from warmer to colder places so they spend the most where there are spring plants to eat. Scientists call this "green wave surfing." According to scientists from the University of Wyoming, by migrating, mule deer can eat spring plants for 120 days in a year with lots of rain and 60 days in a year with very little rain. The deer are very good at figuring out where the spring growth will be and when it will be there, even when it is different from the last year. The scientists also say that climate change is putting the deer in danger by causing more years with very little rain.[5][6]
Mule Deer Media
Small herd of mule deer in the Sulphur Springs Valley of southern Arizona
Stotting mule deer. Seen at Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.
Female desert/burro mule deer (O. h. eremicus) in Truth or Consequences, New Mexico
The Grand Canyon, Mule Deer diorama at the Milwaukee Public Museum
Mule deer foraging on a late winter morning at Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park
Male Rocky Mountain mule deer (O. h. hemionus) in Zion National Park
Male O. h. hemionus near Leavenworth, Washington
Female Columbian black-tailed deer (O. h. columbianus) in Olympic National Park
Female mule deer in Garden of the Gods, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.
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References
- ↑ Novak, R. M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th edition. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
- ↑ Reid, F. A. (2006). Mammals of North America. 4th edition. ISBN 978-0-395-93596-5
- ↑ Heffelfinger, J. (Ver. 2, March 2011). Tails with a dark side: The truth about whitetail–mule deer hybrids. Archived 2010-11-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Geist, V. (1998). Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour, and ecology. ISBN 978-0-8117-0496-0
- ↑ Eurekalert (June 12, 2020). "Study reveals impacts of climate change on migrating mule deer". Press release. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/uow-sri061120.php. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
- ↑ Ellen O. Aikens; Kevin L. Monteith; Jerod A. Merkle; Samantha P. H. Dwinnell; Gary L. Fralick; Matthew J. Kauffman (June 11, 2020). "Drought reshuffles plant phenology and reduces the foraging benefit of green‐wave surfing for a migratory ungulate". Climate Change Biology. 26 (8): 4215–4225. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.4215A. doi:10.1111/gcb.15169. PMID 32524724. S2CID 219586821. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
Other websites
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Wikispecies has information on: Odocoileus hemionus. |
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History species account-Mule Deer
- Video of Arizona Mule Deer Archived 2015-05-17 at the Wayback Machine