Bunker

For other uses, see Bunker (disambiguation).

A bunker is a military building for fortification. They are usually built below ground. Blockhouses are like bunkers, but are built above ground. Bunkers were of big importance during World War I and World War II. Bunkers were built during the Cold War for important political people and for the general public because of the scare of a nuclear war.

Types of bunkers

There are many different types of bunkers:

Trench

A trench is long and narrow. It may be part of a big system of trenches. Soldiers often dig and use trenches. When most of the front-line soldiers use trenches, it is called trench warfare.

Pillbox

A pillbox is a small building made of concrete that also has small windows that people can shoot guns out of. The name came from the fact that they look like the boxes that pills came in. Pillboxes were used a lot during World War I when defence in depth was being used. Pillboxes are most often found camouflaged so that they are harder to spot. They can also be part of a trench system, where the pillbox is a firing step that has been built to take grenade blasts and smaller mortar fire. Pillboxes were also built to help protect strategic structures such as bridges or jetties.

Industrial

Industrial bunkers are built like regular bunkers and they can be mining sites, food storage areas, dumps for materials, data storage, and sometimes places that people live in. They were built by nations during World War II to help protect the important industries from getting bombed. Many mines in France and Germany were made into bunkers by both the Germans and the French in both World War I and World War II.

Bomb/fallout shelters

A bomb shelter or fallout shelter is a type of bunker, usually civilian bunker, used for protection against nuclear weapons and the toxic radiation "fallout" they leave behind. These shelters run the gammit from modified storm shelters to vast underground cities

Famous bunkers

Famous bunkers include the World War II V-weapon buildings in Germany (e.g., Mittelwerk, La Coupole, and Éperlecques) and the Cold War buildings in the United States (Cheyenne Mountain, Site R, and The Greenbrier) and Canada (Diefenbunker).

Examples of bunkers

• Atlantic Wall, coasts of Western Europe, built by Nazi Germany during WWII
• Maginot Line, eastern France, built by France, pre-WWII
• Führerbunker, built by Nazi Germany before and during WWII

Bunker Media

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  The Flakturm at the Augarten in Vienna. Flak towers were used as both above-ground bunkers and anti-aircraft gun blockhouses by Nazi Germany

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  The north entrance to the Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado, United States

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  A bunker on the island of Texel, in the Netherlands.

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  Inside the Hill 60 Bunker, Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia. One of many bunkers south of Sydney

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  In a Project 131 tunnel under the hills of Hubei

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  Object 17/5001 Prenden Germany

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  Bunker of the Harparskog Line in Raseborg, Finland

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  Beach bunker with improvised art in Blåvand, Denmark

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  Used Bunker in Singapore.

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  The entrance to Ouvrage Schoenenbourg along the Maginot Line in France.

Other websites

• Europe WW2 bunkers in Europe Archived 2018-10-28 at the Wayback Machine (reference website about museums and sites of WW2 pillboxes, bunkers and other defensive structures with maps and photos)
• Great Britain "Coastal Defences North Norfolk". Archived from the original on 2010-01-10. (image collection of WW2 coastal defences)
• Great Britain Pillboxes UK (reference website about WW2 pillboxes and other defensive structures)
• Great Britain UK Heritage: Pillboxes Archived 2007-12-24 at the Wayback Machine (short article about "Miniature modern castles")
• Great Britain Subterranea Britannica: Cold War Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine (information on Cold War-era underground structures in Britain)