Onryō
Onryō (怨霊) is a Japanese ghost (Yūrei, 幽霊) who is believed to be able to return to the world of the living to seek revenge. Some onryō are male, mostly in Kabuki, but most of them are women. They usually suffer at the hands of their male lovers when they were alive, because they were weak, but they become strong in death.
In Japanese tradition, the spiritual world has Yomi (hell) on one side and the world of the living in the other. In the middle, there is a waiting area, like a purgatory, where spirits lie in doubt before moving on. Some spirits, especially those of murdered people, can go back to the world of the living, influenced by feelings of anger, sadness, or love.
Onryō and yūrei do not have a particular look. But the popularity of Kabuki in the Edo Period meant that a costume was created to show what they look like. This usually included a white burial kimono, long and black, messy hair, and white and purple make-up. The influence of this image can be seen in modern movies about Onryō, like Ring.
Onryō Media
Ukiyo-e by Utagawa Yoshitsuya depicts the moment when Emperor Sutoku, who died in exile, became an onryō.
The headstone of Taira no Masakado, located between the skyscrapers of Ōtemachi near Tokyo Station, was renovated in 2021 when the surrounding skyscrapers were rebuilt, but the headstone was never moved.
References
- Iwasaka, Michiko and Toelken, Barre. Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experiences in Japanese Death Legends, Utah State University Press, 1994. ISBN 0874211794
Other websites
- Tales of Ghostly Japan Archived 2011-06-25 at the Wayback Machine Japanzine By Zack Davisson
- Japanese Ghosts Mangajin #40 by Tim Screech
- Yūrei-ga gallery at Zenshoan Temple Archived 2006-08-13 at the Wayback Machine
