Orienteering
where people run around an area to certain control points given on a map. There are lots of types of orienteering and the most popular type in Britain and the US is called Foot Orienteering. In orienteering people use a special map which shows where they have to go and in what order. People are timed and the person who is quickest wins. The word Orienteering comes from orientering, which is a word that comes from Sweden.[1]
Orienteering is developed by International Orienteering Federation (IOF).[2]
IOF recognizes the following types of orienteering:
- Foot-orienteering
- Ski-orienteering
- MTB-orienteering (Mountain-Bike Orienteering))
- Trail-orienteering
History
Orienteering started in Sweden. It was meant to get people in the army to get ready for war. The first large orienteering event was when 220 people went orienteering in a place near Stockholm.[3]
About sixty years ago, people started orienteering in Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, and New Zealand and in 1967 a group of people started to meet up in the United States of America to make an orienteering club.[4]
There are now orienteering groups for 67 countries.[2]
Foot-Orienteering
Foot-Orienteering is one of the IOF recognised orienteering types. The athlete covers the distance of his course only using his feet.
The IOF organises World Orienteering Championships (WOC) every year and the European Orienteering Championships once every two years. The first WOC was held in 1966 in Finland. Only 10 nations took part in the first WOC.
Ski-Orienteering
Ski Orienteering is where the competitor Cross-Country Skis around paths and tracks trying to find the controls.
Mountain bike orienteering
Mountain bike orienteering or MTBO that you can say is a sport where you cycle through the forest on small paths and trying to find the controls.
The Olympics
In the year 1996 some people decided to start to try to have orienteering as a sport in the Olympic games. It has yet to become a sport in the Olympics.
As a skill
Orienteering is also done as a life skill. It is used in training of many countries' armed forces. Often, soldiers have to do orienteering courses at night or in the rain. Orienteering is also part of Scoutcraft in many branches of Scouting. Many Scouting groups require learning orienteering to make higher ranks.
Orienteering Media
The international orienteering flag
Pictogramme de la course d'orientation ◢
World Orienteering Championships 2007 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Winners of middle-distance event: Simone Niggli-Luder, Switzerland, and Thierry Gueorgiou, France
An orienteer at a control point
Orienteering map of "Bygholm Skov" just outside Horsens, Denmark. Map uploaded with permission from Horsens Orienteringsklub, c/o chairman Lars Sørensen.
An example of how control points are shown on an orienteering map
Control description sheet (pictorial)
SportIdent station with electronic puncher (note that the puncher is normally worn on a finger) with a backup needle puncher attached
Thumb compass and protractor compass
Foot-O relay, the winner crosses the line – joined by the rest of his team
Notes
- ↑ Palmer, Peter (1997). The Complete Orienteering Manual. Wiltshire, England: The Crowood Press Ltd., ISBN 1-86126-095-4, p. 19.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 International Orienteering Federation (2006). National Federations. Retrieved February 19, 2006.
- ↑ Boga, Steven (1997). Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map and Compass. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 2.
- ↑ Kirk, Colin (2006). "History of the Canadian Orienteering Federation" Archived 2005-10-27 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved Ma, 2006.
Some of this article is based on orienteering on Wikipedia in English