Polish Underground State
The Polish Underground State (Polish: Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State)[a] was a single political and military entity formed by the union of resistance organizations in occupied Poland. They were loyal to the Polish government-in-exile in London.
Polish Underground State Polskie Państwo Podziemne | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1939–1945[1][2] | |||||||||
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| Motto: | |||||||||
| Anthem: | |||||||||
| Status | Government in exile | ||||||||
| Common languages | Polish | ||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||
| President of the Polish government-in-exile | |||||||||
• 1939–1945 | Władysław Raczkiewicz | ||||||||
| Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile | |||||||||
• 1939–1940 (first) | Władysław Sikorski | ||||||||
• 1944-1945 (last) | Tomasz Arciszewski | ||||||||
| Legislature |
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| Historical era | World War II | ||||||||
| 23 April 1935 | |||||||||
• | 1 September 1939 | ||||||||
• | 28 June 1945[1][2] | ||||||||
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Further reading
- Jan Karski (2001). Story of a Secret State. Simon Publications. ISBN 978-1-931541-39-8.
- Halik Kochanski (2012). The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06816-2.
- Stefan Korboński; Francis Bauer Czarnomski; Zofia Korbonski (2004). Fighting Warsaw: The Story of the Polish Underground State, 1939–1945. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 978-0-7818-1035-7.
- Richard C. Lukas (2012). The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1945. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 978-0-7818-1302-0.
- Richard C. Lukas (2004). Forgotten Survivors: Polish Christians Remember the Nazi Occupation. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7818-0242-0.
- Jan Nowak (1982). Courier from Warsaw. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-1725-9.
- Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (2011). The Secret Army: The Memoirs of General Bór-Komorowski. Pen & Sword Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-84832-595-1.
Polish Underground State Media
Władysław Sikorski, Polish commander in chief and prime minister during World War II
Stefan Korboński, the last delegate
Polish Underground State's underground Information Bulletin, 15 July 1943, reporting the death of Gen. Sikorski and ordering a national day of mourning
Regional organization of Armia Krajowa in 1944
The Polish Underground State Monument in Poznań
References
- ↑ Grzegorz Ostasz, The Polish Government-in-Exile's Home Delegature. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
- ↑ Józef Garliński (April 1975). "The Polish Underground State 1939–1945". Journal of Contemporary History. 10 (2): 219–259. doi:10.1177/002200947501000202. JSTOR 260146. S2CID 159844616., p.253
Other websites
- Warsaw Uprising and The Polish Underground State Archived 2021-03-15 at the Wayback Machine