Bramble
Rubus, commonly known as brambles is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, and subfamily Rosoideae, with over 1,350 species.[3]
| Bramble | |
|---|---|
| |
| Rubus bush with ripe and unripe blackberries | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Unrecognized taxon (fix): | Rubus |
| Type species | |
| Rubus fruticosus L.[2]
| |
| Synonyms | |
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List
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Overview
Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common. Bristleberries are endemic to North America. Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles. Gland-tipped hairs are also common. The word "cane fruit" (or "cane berry") applies to any Rubus species or hybrid.
They are commonly grown with supports, such as wires or canes This includes hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry.[4] The stems of these plants are referred to as canes.
Characteristics
Bramble bushes typically grow as shrubs, despite a few being herbaceous, with their stems being typically covered in sharp thorns, spines, and prickles.[5] They grow long, arching shoots that readily form roots when they contact with soil. [6] New shoots grow in the spring from this rootstock.[7] The leaves are either evergreen or deciduous, and simple, lobed, or compound.[5]
The shoots typically do not flower or set fruit until the second year of growth, i.e. they are biennial.[7] The rootstock is perennial.[8] Most species are hermaphrodites with male and female parts being present on the same flower.[5] Bramble fruits are aggregate fruits formed from smaller units called drupelets.[7]
Genetics
60‒70% of species of Rubus are polyploid, which have more than two pairs of each chromosome, with species ranging in ploidy from diploid (2×, with 14 chromosomes[9]) to tetradecaploid (14×).[10]
Bramble Media
Fruit of European dewberry, size ca 2–3 cm
R. arcticus flower
R. odoratus leaves and flower
R. saxatilis leaves and berries
R. ellipticus var. obcordatus leaves and flowers
R. ulmifolius prickles
R. chamaemorus fruit
R. caesius leaf
R. parviflorus flower
R. idaeus leaves
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References
- ↑ "Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
{{citation}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".
- ↑
- "Rubus L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- Template:EFloras
- "the definition of bramble". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
- ↑ Klein, Carol (2009). Grow your own fruit. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. pp. 224. ISBN 978-1-84533-434-5.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Rubus - Trees and Shrubs Online". www.treesandshrubsonline.org. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- ↑ "Brambles and other woody weeds /RHS Gardening". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Bramble or blackberry | Woodlands.co.uk". www.woodlands.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
- ↑ "Blackberry Planting, Spacing, and Trellising". Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- ↑ "Rubus all species | GDR". www.rosaceae.org. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- ↑ "Small genomes in tetraploid Rubus L. (Rosaceae) from New Zealand and southern South America". www.ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-27.