Sail
A sail is a large piece of cloth on the top of some boats. The wind goes around the sail and makes the boat move through the water. The piece that the sail is attached to is called a mast. Some boats have many sails, and some have only one. Usually, small boats have only one sail, and bigger boats have more. Boats with sails are called sailing boats. There are many different names for different kinds of sailing boats with different kinds of sails.
Before people made boats with engines that used coal or oil, sailing boats were an important way to travel across oceans. Now they are not so important for transport, but they are still used for recreation and competition.
Sail types
Modern sails can be classified into three main categories:
- A mainsail is a sail located behind the main mast of a sailing vessel.[1]
- A headsail also known as the jib sail, is any sail set forward of the main mast.
- A spinnaker or downwind sail (also termed Kite). Special-purpose sails are often a variation of the three main categories.
- A staysail is a fore-and-aft rigged sail whose luff can be attached to a forestay running from a mast to the bowsprit.[2]
High-performance yachts, in particular some catamarans such as the International C-Class Catamaran, have used or use rigid wing sails, which are said to perform better than traditional soft sails.[3] In particular, a rigid wing sail was used by Stars and Stripes, the defender which won the 1988 America's Cup, and by USA-17, the challenger which won the 2010 America's Cup.
Most modern yachts, including bermuda rig, ketch and yawl boats, have a sail "inventory" which usually includes more than one of these types of sails. Although the mainsail is “permanently” hoisted while sailing, headsails and spinnakers can be changed depending on the particular weather conditions to allow better handling and speed.
Sail Media
Egyptian sailing ship, ca. 1422–1411 BCE
A traditional Maldivian Baghlah with a fore-and-aft rig lateen rig
Fijian voyaging outrigger boat with a crab claw sail
Philippine lanong with tanja sails
Aerodynamic forces for two points of sail. Left-hand boat:Down wind—predominant drag propels the boat with little heeling moment. Right-hand boat:Up wind (close-hauled)—predominant lift both propels the boat and contributes to heel.
Sail angles of attack and resulting (idealized) flow patterns that provide propulsive lift.
Different sail types.*
* A. Course* B. Topsail* C. Lateen* D. Staysail* * E. Gaff-rigged* G. Quadrilateral * H. Loose-footed* J. Spritsail* * K. Standing lug* L. Triangular* M. Dipping lug* N. Junk* 
Corners and sides of a quadrilateral fore-and-aft sail
Laminated sail with Kevlar and carbon fibers.
Running rigging on a sailing yacht: Template:Olist *
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References
- ↑ Torrey, Owen C., Jr. (1965). Sails (Seamen's Bank for Savings ed.). New York: Palmer & Oliver. pp. 7–9.
- ↑ Don Street (March 14, 2013). "Rig for a Staysail". Cruising World. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
- ↑ "Tom Speer - Home -".
