Wind
Wind is the flow of gases. On Earth, wind is mostly the movement of air. In outer space, solar wind is the movement of gases or particles from the sun through space. The strongest winds seen on a planet in our solar system are on Neptune and Saturn.
Short bursts of fast winds are called gusts. Strong winds that go on for about one minute are called squalls. Winds that go on for a long time are called many different things, such as breeze, gale, hurricane, and typhoon.
Wind can move land, especially in deserts. Cold wind can sometimes have a bad effect on livestock. Wind also affects animals' food stores, their hunting and the way they protect themselves.
Sunlight drives the Earth's atmospheric circulation. The resulting winds blow over land and sea, producing weather.
A High pressure area (that makes an anticyclone) near a low pressure system (that makes a cyclone), makes air move from the high pressure to the low pressure to try to even out the pressures. The Coriolis effect causes the winds to spiral around. A big difference in pressure can make high winds. In some storms, such as hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones, or tornadoes, it can cause winds faster than 200 mph (320 kilometres per hour). This can damage houses and other buildings, and can kill people.
Wind can also be caused by the rising of hot air, or the falling of cool air. When hot air rises, it creates a low pressure underneath it, and air moves in to equalize the pressure. When cold air drops (because it is denser or heavier than warm air), it creates a high pressure and flows out to even out the pressure with the low pressure around it.
The wind is usually invisible, but rain, dust, or snow can show how it is blowing. A weathervane can also show you where the wind is coming from. The Beaufort scale is a way to tell how strong the wind is. It is used at sea when no land can be seen.
The increase in wind causes an increase in the rate of evaporation.
Damage
High winds can cause damage depending on how strong they are. Sometimes gusts of wind can make poorly made bridges move or be destroyed, like the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940.[1] Electric power distribution can fail because of wind, even if its speed is as low as 23 knots (43 km/h). This happens when tree branches damage power lines.[2] No kind of tree can resist hurricane-force winds, but trees with roots that are not very deep can be blown over more easily. Trees such as eucalyptus, sea hibiscus, and avocado are brittle (easy to break) and are damaged more easily.[3]
Trade winds
The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere. They occur in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator. The trade winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere. They blow from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. They are stronger during the winter and when the Arctic oscillation is in its warm phase. Trade winds have been used by captains of sailing ships to cross the world's oceans for centuries. They enabled European empire expansion into the Americas. They also allowed trade routes to become established across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
The doldrums are in the equatorial region. It is a wind belt where air is warm, with little pressure variations. Winds are light there. Another name for doldrums is Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
In outer space
Wind in outer space, called solar wind, is very different from a wind on earth. This wind is caused by the sun, or other stars, and it is made up of particles that came out of the star's atmosphere. Like solar wind, the planetary wind is made up of light gases that have come out of planets' atmospheres.
Wind Media
Cherry tree moving with the wind blowing about 22 m/sec (about 79 km/h or 49 mph)
Surface analysis of the Great Blizzard of 1888. Areas with greater isobaric packing indicate higher winds.
Cup-type anemometer on a remote meteorological station
An occluded mesocyclone tornado (Oklahoma, May 1999)
Wind plotting within a station model
The westerlies and trade winds
Winds are part of Earth's atmospheric circulation
Benjamin Franklin's map of the Gulf Stream
Local winds around the world. These winds are formed through the heating of land (from mountains or flat terrain)
A: Sea breeze (occurs at daytime), B: Land breeze (occurs at nighttime)
References
- ↑ T. P. Grazulis (2001). The tornado. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 126–127. ISBN 9780806132587. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
- ↑ Betz, Hans Dieter; Schumann, Ulrich; Laroche, Pierre (2009). Lightning: Principles, Instruments and Applications. Springer. pp. 202–203. ISBN 9781402090783. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
- ↑ Derek Burch (2006-04-26). "How to Minimize Wind Damage in the South Florida Garden". University of Florida. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
Related pages
Other websites
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Wind. |
- Meteorology Guides: Forces and Winds Archived 2016-03-25 at the Wayback Machine – Instructional module from the University of Illinois
- Names of Winds – A list from Golden Gate Weather Services
- Wind Atlases of the World Archived 2008-09-03 at the Wayback Machine – Lists of wind atlases and wind surveys from all over the world
- Winds of Mars: Aeolian Activity and Landforms – Paper with slides that illustrate the wind activity on the planet Mars
- Classification of Wind Speeds Archived 2009-03-07 at the Wayback Machine
- Wind-speed chart Archived 2010-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
- The Bibliography of Aeolian Research Archived 2017-06-07 at the Wayback Machine