Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket was an English priest, and Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. People used to think his name was Thomas á Becket, but it is now known to be wrong.[1]
| Saint Thomas Becket | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Canterbury | |
 Illustration from an English Book of hours telling an account of the murder, c. 1390, National Library of Wales | |
| Appointed | 24 May 1162 |
| Enthroned | 3 June 1162 |
| Reign ended | 29 December 1170 |
| Predecessor | Theobald of Bec |
| Successor | Roger de Bailleul |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 2 June 1162 |
| Consecration | 3 June 1162 by Henry of Blois |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Thomas Becket |
| Born | c. 1119 Cheapside, London |
| Died | 29 December 1170 Canterbury Cathedral |
| Buried | Canterbury Cathedral |
| Nationality | English |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Parents |
|
| Previous post | Archdeacon of Canterbury |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | 29 December |
| Venerated in | |
| Title as Saint | Bishop and Martyr |
| Beatified | 21 February 1173 by Pope Alexander III |
| Canonized | 21 February 1173 St Peter's Church in Segni by Pope Alexander III |
| Attributes | Sword, Martyrdom, dressed in chancellor's robe and neck chain |
| Patronage | Exeter College, Oxford; Portsmouth; Arbroath Abbey; secular clergy |
| Shrines | Canterbury Cathedral |
Becket was born in Cheapside, London. He was an intelligent child, who also enjoyed playing sports and hunting. At age 16, he left England to study in Paris.[2]
In 1143, Becket joined the household of Theobald of Bec, as a clerk. He became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162. He had been a close friend of King Henry II, but they argued about the rights of the Church. This argument between Henry and Becket ended their friendship. Becket resigned as Lord Chancellor and sought to extend the rights of the archbishopric. This led to a series of conflicts with the King. One was on the jurisdiction of secular courts over English clergymen.
Attempts by Henry to influence the other bishops against Becket began in Westminster in October 1163. The King sought approval of the traditional rights of the royal government over the church.[3] Henry held a meeting with most of the higher English clergy at Clarendon Palace on 30 January 1164. Becket was officially asked to agree to the King's rights.
Henry summoned Becket to appear before a great council at Northampton Castle on 8 October 1164, to answer allegations. Convicted on the charges, Becket stormed out of the trial and fled to Europe.[3] King Louis VII of France offered Becket protection. He spent nearly two years in the Cistercian abbey of Pontigny, until Henry's threats made him return to Sens.
Beckett returned to England, but the dispute continued. He excommunicated his enemies in the Church, and threatened to do the same to Henry.
Upon hearing reports of Becket's actions, Henry said things which were understood as wishing Becket killed. The king's exact words are unknown and several versions have been reported. The most commonly quoted, as handed down by oral tradition, is "Who will rid me of this troublesome priest?".
Becket was killed by four of the King's knights on 29 December 1170. He became a saint in 1173. His major shrine is in Canterbury, but was destroyed by order of Henry VIII during his reign.
Thomas Becket Media
Attributed arms of Saint Thomas Becket: Argent, three Cornish choughs proper, visible in many English churches dedicated to him. As he died 30 to 45 years before the age of heraldry, he bore no arms.
Plaque marking Becket's birthplace on Cheapside in London
A Seal of the Abbot of Arbroath, showing the murder of Becket. Arbroath Abbey was founded 8 years after the death of St Thomas and dedicated to him; it became the wealthiest abbey in Scotland.
Becket's assassination and funeral, from a French enamelled chasse made about 1190–1200, one of about 52 surviving examples.
Sculpture and altar marking the spot of Thomas Becket's martyrdom, Canterbury Cathedral. The sculpture by Giles Blomfield represents the knights' four swords (two metal swords with reddened tips and their two shadows).
An ivory piece portraying the knights involved in Becket's assassination. One knight holds an axe with which to break down the door of the Cathedral.
St Thomas Becket's consecration, death and burial, at wall paintings in Santa Maria de Terrassa (Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain), romanesque frescoes, c. 1180
Candle marking the former spot of the shrine of Thomas Becket, at Canterbury Cathedral
Fresco depicting the murder of Thomas Becket, on the left is the figure of Saint Lanfranco in act of blessing. Church of San Lanfranco, Pavia
