Tonga
Tonga is a country in Pacific Ocean. It has 169 islands. Only 36 islands have inhabitants. The most important island is Tongatapu. Tupou IV is the king of Tonga and the Prime Minister is Siaosi Sovaleni. The capital of Tonga is Nuku'alofa, which is on Tongatapu.
Kingdom of Tonga Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Motto: | |
| Anthem: | |
.svg) | |
| Capital and largest city | Nukuʻalofa |
| Official languages | Tongan |
| Demonym(s) | Tongan |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Tupou VI |
| Siaosi Sovaleni | |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly |
| Independence | |
• from British protection | 4 June 1970 |
| Area | |
• Total | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (186th) |
• Water (%) | 4.0 |
| Population | |
• 2021 census | 100,209[1] (199th) |
• Density | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (76tha) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $655 million |
• Per capita | $6,496[2] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $493 million |
• Per capita | $4,888[2] |
| Gini (2015) |  37.6[3]medium |
| HDI (2019) |  0.725[4]high · 104th |
| Currency | Paʻanga (TOP) |
| Time zone | UTC+13 |
| DST not observed | |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +676 |
| ISO 3166 code | TO |
| Internet TLD | .to |
| |
The official languages of Tonga are Tongan and English. Tonga had 102,321 inhabitants in 2000. It is a very hot country. Tonga became independent in 1970.
History
About 3000 years before, the Polynesians had settled in Tongatapu.[5] In 1845, Tāufaʻāhau united Tonga into a kingdom. He declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy. Between 1845 and 1893, slavery was stopped. Also, constitution was made up.
In 1900, Tonga became a protected state of the United Kingdom. Tonga maintained its sovereignty. It remained the only Pacific nation never to have given up its monarchical government. Foreign affairs was managed by the UK. Tonga was no longer a protected state and became independent in 1970. Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. It became a member of the United Nations in September 1999. Tonga has never lost indigenous governance.
Geography
Tonga is in Oceania. It is an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean. It has 177 islands. Thirty-six of them are inhabited. The islands are divided into three main groups – Vava'u, Ha'apai, and Tongatapu. The largest island is Tongatapuon. The capital city of Nukuʻalofa is on Tongatapuon.
Politics
Tonga is a constitutional monarchy.
Tonga provides for its citizens:
- free and mandatory education for all
- secondary education with only nominal fees
- and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education
Tongans have universal access to a national health care system. The Tongan constitution protects land ownership. Land cannot be sold to foreigners. While there is a land shortage on the urbanised main island of Tongatapu, there is farmland available in the outlying islands.
The majority of the population engages in some form of subsistence production of food. Women and men have equal access to education and health care. They are fairly equal in employment. Women are discriminated against in land holding, electoral politics, and government ministries.
Climate
The climate is tropical with a distinct warm period (December–April) and a cooler period (May–November). The average wettest period is around March. The average daily humidity is 80%.
| Climate data for Nukuʻalofa | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32 (90) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
30 (86) |
30 (86) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
31 (88) |
32 (90) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 28 (82) |
29 (84) |
28 (82) |
27 (81) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
27 (81) |
27 (81) |
26 (79) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25 (77) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
22 (72) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 22 (72) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
21 (70) |
20 (68) |
18 (64) |
17 (63) |
18 (64) |
17 (63) |
19 (66) |
20 (68) |
20 (68) |
20 (68) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 16 (61) |
17 (63) |
15 (59) |
15 (59) |
13 (55) |
11 (52) |
10 (50) |
11 (52) |
11 (52) |
12 (54) |
13 (55) |
16 (61) |
10 (50) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 130 (5.12) |
190 (7.48) |
210 (8.27) |
120 (4.72) |
130 (5.12) |
100 (3.94) |
100 (3.94) |
130 (5.12) |
110 (4.33) |
90 (3.54) |
100 (3.94) |
120 (4.72) |
1,530 (60.24) |
| % Humidity | 77 | 78 | 79 | 76 | 78 | 77 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 75.9 |
| Avg. rainy days | 11 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 134 |
| Source: Weatherbase[6] | |||||||||||||
Tonga Media
Tonga National Anthem
The arrival of Abel Tasman in Tongatapu, 1643; drawing by Isaack Gilsemans
William Mariner was a teenaged English sailor adopted into a royal Tongan family.
King Tupou VI during his coronation on 4 July 2015
Riots in Nukuʻalofa, 2006
Wattled honeyeater in Tonga
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References
- ↑ "Tonga's population drops to 100,209". Matangi Tonga. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ↑ "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ↑ 湯加擁歷史三千年.
- ↑ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Nukuʻalofa,Tonga". weatherbase.com.
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