Vietnamese Americans
Vietnamese Americans (Vietnamese: Người Mỹ gốc Việt) are Americans who have ancestors who were originally Vietnamese.[5] They make up about half of all overseas Vietnamese (Vietnamese: Người Việt hải ngoại) and are the fourth-largest Asian American ethnic group after Chinese Americans, Filipino Americans, and Indian Americans. There are 2.2 million people of Vietnamese descent residing in the U.S.
 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 2,162,610[1] 0.7% of the total U.S. population (2018) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Languages | |
| Vietnamese, American English Chinese, French (older generations) | |
| Religion | |
| Buddhist (43%) • Catholic (30%) Unaffiliated (20%) • Protestant (6%)[3][4] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Vietnamese people, Overseas Vietnamese, Vietnamese Canadians, Vietnamese Australians, Asian Americans, Chinese Americans, Hmong Americans |
The Vietnamese community in the United States was very small until the South Vietnamese immigration to the country after the Vietnam War which ended in 1975. Early immigrants were refugee boat people, loyal to South Vietnam in the conflict who left political persecution or wanted better jobs. More than half of Vietnamese Americans reside in the two most populous states of California and Texas, mostly in their large urban areas.[6]
Socioeconomics
Income
In 2019, the median household income for all Vietnamese Americans was $69,800, compared to $85,800 for all Asian Americans. Divided by birth, the income was $82,400 for US-born and $66,000 for Vietnamese-Americans born in other countries.[7]
Economics
In 2017, 10.6% of Vietnamese Americans lived under the poverty line,[8] lower than the poverty rate for all Americans at 12.3%.[9]
Employment
The U.S. Census Bureau reports in 2016 among working Vietnamese Americans (citizen employed population 16 years and over): 32.9% had management, business, science, and arts jobs; 30.9% had service jobs; 17.0% had office jobs, 4.3% had natural resources, construction, and maintenance jobs; and 15% had natural resources, construction, and maintenance jobs.[8]
Though Vietnamese immigration has continued at a fairly stable pace since the 1980s, the pathway to immigration for Vietnamese today has shifted entirely. As the opposite to the earlier history of Vietnamese migration that mostly came from refugees, an overwhelming majority of Vietnamese are now given LPR on the basis of family sponsored preferences or by way of close family to U.S. citizens, at 53% and 44% respectively.[8]
Education
In 2019, 55% of American born Vietnamese Americans had gotten a bachelor's degree or higher.[7]
English proficiency
In 2019, 90% of US-born Vietnamese Americans were able to speak English.[7]
View on schools
The Vietnamese parents consider children's good school performance as a source of happiness for their family, encouraging their children to do well in school and to enter professional jobs as the way to get a better life. Vietnam's traditional Confucianist society values schools and learning, and many Vietnamese Americans have worked their way up from menial labor to have their second-generation children and go to college and become better. Compared to other Asian immigrant groups, Vietnamese Americans are more hopeful about their children's future; forty-eight percent believe that their children's standard of living will be better than theirs.[10]
Student associations
A number of colleges have a Vietnamese Student Association, and an annual conference is hosted by the Union of North American Vietnamese Student Associations for current or future members.[11]
Vietnamese Americans Media
Spread of the Vietnamese language in the United States
Vietnamese refugees at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, during the late 1970s
Crewmen of the USS Durham (LKA-114) take Vietnamese refugees from a small craft in 1975.
Congregation Of The Mother Coredemptrix in Carthage, Missouri
Phước Lộc Thọ (Asian Garden Mall), the first Vietnamese American business center in Little Saigon, California
Vietnamese Americans marching with the old South Vietnamese flag during Tết
Tết Festival in Little Saigon, Orange County, California
Vietnamese community float at the Portland Rose Festival parade
References
- ↑ "ACS Selected Population Profile in the United States (2018 ACS 1-Year Estimates)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ↑ "Vietnamese American Populations by Metro Area 2010 Census" (PDF). Hmongstudies.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ↑ POLL July 19, 2012 (2012-07-19). "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Forum. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
- ↑ "Pew Forum - Vietnamese Americans' Religions". Projects.pewforum.org. 2012-07-18. Archived from the original on 2013-09-09. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
- ↑ James M. Freeman "Vietnamese Americans".. Microsoft Encarta Online. Encyclopedia 2008.
- ↑ "Southeast Asian Americans State Populations 2010 U.S. Census". Archived from the original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Vietnamese in the U.S. Fact Sheet". Pewsocialtrends.org. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
- ↑ Bureau, US Census. "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2017". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ↑ "Vietnamese American". PewResearch Social & Demographic Trends. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
- ↑ Bronner, Simon J.; Clark, Cindy Dell (21 March 2016). Youth Cultures in America. ABC-CLIO, 2016. p. 647. ISBN 978-1440833922.