Vijayanagara Empire

Vijayanagara Empire
Vijayanagara Empire
1336–1646
	Map of the Vijayanagara Empire at its height under the Sangama dynasty.
Capital	Vijayanagara (1336–1565) Penukonda (1565–1592) Chandragiri (1592–1604) Vellore (1604–1646)
Common languages	Kannada; Telugu; Sanskrit
Religion	Hinduism
Government	Monarchy
Monarch
• 1336–1356	Harihara I
• 1642–1646	Sriranga III
History
•	1336
• Earliest records	1343
•	1646
Currency	Varaha
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Hoysala Empire
	Kakatiya dynasty
	Yadava dynasty
	Kampili kingdom
	Madurai Sultanate
	Pandya dynasty
	Musunuri Nayakas
	Reddi Kingdom
	Delhi Sultanate
Kingdom of Mysore
Nayakas of Keladi
Thanjavur Nayak kingdom
Madurai Nayak dynasty
Nayakas of Chitradurga
Adil Shahi dynasty
Qutb Shahi dynasty
Nayaks of Gingee
Today part of	India

Vijayanagara empire (1336–1646 CE) was an Indian Hindu empire. From 1336 and afterwards, it was in the Deccan, in the peninsula and in southern India. It was founded by Harihara (Hakka) and his brother Bukka Raya. The empire is named after its capital city Vijayanagara, now Hampi in modern Karnataka, India. It began in 1336 and ended in 1660, though in its last century it began losing its power. Stories of the empire's creation and history are not certain, though tales of the empire's wealth and power were described by European travellers such as the Portuguese travelers Domingo Paes and Nuniz, and the Venetian traveler Niccolò Da Conti.

Dynasties and kings

This list is based on the book by Robert Sewell (A Forgotten Empire).

Sangama Dynasty

Harihara I (Deva Raya) 1336-1343/56(some accounts claim that there was brief period of other ruler probably a 3rd brother)
Bukka I 1343/56-1379
Harihara II 1379-1399
Bukka II 1399-1406
Deva Raya I 1406-1412
Vira Vijaya 1412-1419
Deva Raya II 1419-1444
(unknown) 1444-1449
Mallikarjuna 1452-1465 (Dates uncertain)
Rajasekhara 1468-1469 (Dates uncertain)
Virupaksha I 1470-1471 (Dates uncertain)
Praudha Deva Raya 1476-? (Dates uncertain)
Rajasekhara 1479-1480 (Dates uncertain)
Virupaksha II 1483-1484 (Dates uncertain)
Rajasekhara 1486-1487 (Dates uncertain)

Saluva Dynasty

Narasimha 1490-?
Narasa (Vira Narasimha) ?-1509
Krishna Deva 1509-1529
Achyuta 1529-1542
Sadasiva (puppet ruler in the hands of Ram Raya) 1542-1567

Tuluva dynasty

Rama (ruled in practice) 1542-1565
Tirumala (ruled in practice) 1565-1567
Tirumala (crowned ruler) 1567-1575
Ranga II 1575-1586
Venkata I 1586-1614

Aravidu (dates are not known), includes these rulers. There is certainly more than one ruler under each name.

Ranga
Venkata
Rama

Vijayanagara Empire Media

View of tower and mantapa at Ragunatha temple in Hampi
"Throne platform" or "Victory Platform" or "Mahanavami Dibba" or "Dussera Dibba". This surviving structure is in the Royal Enclosure.
Tourists on top of Mahanavami Platform in Royal Enclosure.
Corridor at Temple from Vijayanagara capital Hampi.
Kannada inscription of Emperor Krishna Deva Raya, dated 1509, at the Virupaksha temple in Hampi, describing his coronation and the construction of the large open mantapa
Raised water-channel or aqueduct for city.
Gajashaala or elephant's stable, built by the Vijayanagara rulers for their war elephants
Horizontal friezes in relief on the outer wall enclosure of Hazara Rama temple, depicting life in the empire
Nāga, snake worship in Hampi

References

↑ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.l. ISBN 0226742210.
↑ Howes, Jennifer (1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-07-0071-585-5.
↑ Bridges, Elizabeth J. (2016). "Vijayanagara Empire". In Dalziel, N.; MacKenzie, J. M. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Empire. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe424. ISBN 978-1118455074.

Other websites

History of Karnataka - Mr. Arthikaje Archived 2006-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
Indian Inscriptions - Archeological Survery Of India
A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar: A Contribution to the History of India
http://freeindia.org/biographies/greatlkings/hakkabukka/index.htm(Biography of Hakka and Bukka.) Archived 2008-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
Vijayanagar Empire, Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
Hampi - History and Tourism

[1] Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.l. ISBN 0226742210.

[capitals-2] Howes, Jennifer (1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-07-0071-585-5.

[Bridges2016-3] Bridges, Elizabeth J. (2016). "Vijayanagara Empire". In Dalziel, N.; MacKenzie, J. M. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Empire. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe424. ISBN 978-1118455074.

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