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Vijayanagara Empire

Vijayanagara empire (1336–1646 CE) also known as the Karnataka Kingdom and the Holy Indian Empire[5] was an Indian Hindu empire. From 1336 and afterwards, it was in the Deccan, in the peninsula and in southern India. It was founded by Harihara (Hakka) and his brother Bukka Raya. The empire is named after its capital city Vijayanagara, now Hampi in modern Karnataka, India. It began in 1336 and ended in 1660, though in its last century it began losing its power. Stories of the empire's creation and history are not certain, though tales of the empire's wealth and power were described by European travellers such as the Portuguese travelers Domingo Paes and Nuniz, and the Venetian traveler Niccolò Da Conti.

Vijayanagara Empire
1336–1646
Map of the Vijayanagara Empire at its height under the Sangama dynasty.[1]
Map of the Vijayanagara Empire at its height under the Sangama dynasty.[1]
CapitalVijayanagara (1336–1565)
Penukonda (1565–1592)
Chandragiri (1592–1604)
Vellore (1604–1646)[2]
Common languagesKannada
Telugu
Sanskrit[3]
Religion
Hinduism
GovernmentMonarchy
Monarch 
• 1336–1356
Harihara I
• 1642–1646
Sriranga III
History 
• 
1336
• Earliest records
1343
• 
1646
Population
• 1500 estimate
18,000,000[4]
CurrencyVaraha
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Hoysala Empire
Madurai Sultanate
Kingdom of Mysore
Nayakas of Keladi
Thanjavur Nayak kingdom
Madurai Nayak dynasty
Nayakas of Chitradurga
Nayaks of Gingee
Today part ofIndia

Dynasties and kings

The Empire was ruled by four different dynasties from 1336 CE to 1646 CE and maintained control over most of South India during most of its history.[6]

Sangama dynasty (1336–1485)

Serial no. Regnal names Reign


1 Harihara I (Founder) 18 April 1336 – 20 November 1356
2 Bukka Raya I 1356–1377
3 Harihara II 21 June 1377 – 1404
4 Virupaksha Raya 1404–1405
5 Bukka Raya II 27 July 1404 – August/November 1406
6 Deva Raya 5 November 1406 – 25 February 1423
7 Ramachandra Raya 4 April 1423 – 1423
8 Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya 1422–1424
9 Deva Raya II 10 February 1423 – May 1446
10 Mallikarjuna Raya 1446 – 14 July 1465
11 Virupaksha Raya II 1465–1485
12 Praudha Raya 1485

Saluva dynasty (1485–1505)

Serial no. Regnal names Reign
13 Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya 1485–1491
14 Thimma Bhupala 1491
15 Narasimha Raya II 1491–1505

Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)

Serial no. Regnal names Reign
16 Tuluva Narasa Nayaka 1491–1503
17 Viranarasimha Raya 1503 – 26 July 1509
18 Krishnadevaraya 26 July 1509 – 17 October 1529
19 Achyuta Deva Raya 30 November 1529 – 1542
20 Venkata I 1542
21 Sadasiva Raya 1542–1570

Aravidu dynasty (1542–1646)

Serial no. Regnal names Reign
22 Aliya Rama Raya 1542 – 23 January 1565
23 Tirumala Deva Raya 1565–1572
24 Sriranga I 1572–1586
25 Venkata II 1586–1614
26 Sriranga II 1614
27 Rama Deva Raya 1617–1632
28 Venkata III 1632–1642
29 Sriranga III (Last Emperor) 1642–1646/1678

Vijayanagara Empire Media

  • View of tower and mantapa at Ragunatha temple in Hampi

  • "Throne platform" or "Victory Platform" or "Mahanavami Dibba" or "Dussera Dibba". This surviving structure is in the Royal Enclosure.

  • Tourists on top of Mahanavami Platform in Royal Enclosure.

  • Corridor at Temple from Vijayanagara capital Hampi.

  • Kannada inscription of Emperor Krishna Deva Raya, dated 1509, at the Virupaksha temple in Hampi, describing his coronation and the construction of the large open mantapa

  • Copper Jital coin of the Vijayanagar Empire, struck during the reign of Krishnadevaraya, having the Garuda motif on obverse.

  • Raised water-channel or aqueduct for city.

  • Gajashaala or elephant's stable, built by the Vijayanagara rulers for their war elephants

  • Horizontal friezes in relief on the outer wall enclosure of Hazara Rama temple, depicting life in the empire

References

  1. ↑ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.l. ISBN 0226742210.
  2. ↑ Howes, Jennifer (1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-07-0071-585-5.
  3. ↑ Bridges, Elizabeth J. (2016). "Vijayanagara Empire". In Dalziel, N.; MacKenzie, J. M. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Empire. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe424. ISBN 978-1118455074.
  4. ↑ Alexander V Avakov (April 2015). Globalising Migration History: The Eurasian Experience (16th–21st Centuries. Algora. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-628-94101-2. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  5. ↑ As attested by Portugese texts.
  6. ↑ Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN 9780199777648.

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