Vijayanagara Empire
Vijayanagara empire (1336–1646 CE) was an Indian Hindu empire. From 1336 and afterwards, it was in the Deccan, in the peninsula and in southern India. It was founded by Harihara (Hakka) and his brother Bukka Raya. The empire is named after its capital city Vijayanagara, now Hampi in modern Karnataka, India. It began in 1336 and ended in 1660, though in its last century it began losing its power. Stories of the empire's creation and history are not certain, though tales of the empire's wealth and power were described by European travellers such as the Portuguese travelers Domingo Paes and Nuniz, and the Venetian traveler Niccolò Da Conti.
Vijayanagara Empire | |
|---|---|
| 1336–1646 | |
![Map of the Vijayanagara Empire at its height under the Sangama dynasty.[1]](/wiki/File:Sangamas_of_the_Vijayanagara_Empire.png) Map of the Vijayanagara Empire at its height under the Sangama dynasty.[1] | |
| Capital | Vijayanagara (1336–1565) Penukonda (1565–1592) Chandragiri (1592–1604) Vellore (1604–1646)[2] |
| Common languages | Kannada Telugu Sanskrit[3] |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Government | Monarchy |
| Monarch | |
• 1336–1356 | Harihara I |
• 1642–1646 | Sriranga III |
| History | |
• | 1336 |
• Earliest records | 1343 |
• | 1646 |
| Population | |
• 1500 estimate | 18,000,000[4] |
| Currency | Varaha |
| Today part of | India |
Dynasties and kings
The Empire was ruled by four different dynasties from 1336 CE to 1646 CE and maintained control over most of South India during most of its history.[5]
Sangama dynasty (1336–1485)
| Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign
|
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harihara I (Founder) | 18 April 1336 – 20 November 1356 |
| 2 | Bukka Raya I | 1356–1377 |
| 3 | Harihara II | 21 June 1377 – 1404 |
| 4 | Virupaksha Raya | 1404–1405 |
| 5 | Bukka Raya II | 27 July 1404 – August/November 1406 |
| 6 | Deva Raya | 5 November 1406 – 25 February 1423 |
| 7 | Ramachandra Raya | 4 April 1423 – 1423 |
| 8 | Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya | 1422–1424 |
| 9 | Deva Raya II | 10 February 1423 – May 1446 |
| 10 | Mallikarjuna Raya | 1446 – 14 July 1465 |
| 11 | Virupaksha Raya II | 1465–1485 |
| 12 | Praudha Raya | 1485 |
Saluva dynasty (1485–1505)
| Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| 13 | Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya | 1485–1491 |
| 14 | Thimma Bhupala | 1491 |
| 15 | Narasimha Raya II | 1491–1505 |
Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)
| Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| 16 | Tuluva Narasa Nayaka | 1491–1503 |
| 17 | Viranarasimha Raya | 1503 – 26 July 1509 |
| 18 | Krishnadevaraya | 26 July 1509 – 17 October 1529 |
| 19 | Achyuta Deva Raya | 30 November 1529 – 1542 |
| 20 | Venkata I | 1542 |
| 21 | Sadasiva Raya | 1542–1570 |
Aravidu dynasty (1542–1646)
| Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| 22 | Aliya Rama Raya | 1542 – 23 January 1565 |
| 23 | Tirumala Deva Raya | 1565–1572 |
| 24 | Sriranga I | 1572–1586 |
| 25 | Venkata II | 1586–1614 |
| 26 | Sriranga II | 1614 |
| 27 | Rama Deva Raya | 1617–1632 |
| 28 | Venkata III | 1632–1642 |
| 29 | Sriranga III (Last Emperor) | 1642–1646/1678 |
Vijayanagara Empire Media
- View of tower and mantapa at the Raghunatha temple in Hampi.JPG
View of tower and mantapa at Ragunatha temple in Hampi
- THRONE PLATFORM(Mahanavami Dibba)-Dr. Murali Mohan Gurram (8).jpg
"Throne platform" or "Victory Platform" or "Mahanavami Dibba" or "Dussera Dibba". This surviving structure is in the Royal Enclosure.
- Mahanavami Dibba1.jpg
Tourists on top of Mahanavami Platform in Royal Enclosure.
- Hampi group of monuments-Hampi-Karnataka-DSC 7874.jpg
Corridor at Temple from Vijayanagara capital Hampi.
- Kannada inscription (1509 AD) of Krishnadeva Raya at entrance to mantapa of Virupaksha temple in Hampi.JPG
Kannada inscription of Emperor Krishna Deva Raya, dated 1509, at the Virupaksha temple in Hampi, describing his coronation and the construction of the large open mantapa
Copper Jital coin of the Vijayanagar Empire, struck during the reign of Krishnadevaraya, having the Garuda motif on obverse.
- 15th century aqua duct to Mahanavami platform Pushkarani step well, Hampi Hindu monuments Karnataka 1.jpg
Raised water-channel or aqueduct for city.
- Elephant's stable or Gajashaale.JPG
Gajashaala or elephant's stable, built by the Vijayanagara rulers for their war elephants
- Evidence of Vijaynagar pomp.jpg
Horizontal friezes in relief on the outer wall enclosure of Hazara Rama temple, depicting life in the empire
References
- ↑ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.l. ISBN 0226742210. Archived from the original on 2021-06-05. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
- ↑ Howes, Jennifer (1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-07-0071-585-5.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Alexander V Avakov (April 2015). Globalising Migration History: The Eurasian Experience (16th–21st Centuries. Algora. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-628-94101-2. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ↑ Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN 9780199777648.
Other websites
- History of Karnataka - Mr. Arthikaje Archived 2006-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
- Indian Inscriptions - Archeological Survery Of India Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
- A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar: A Contribution to the History of India
- http://freeindia.org/biographies/greatlkings/hakkabukka/index.htm(Biography of Hakka and Bukka.) Archived 2008-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
- Vijayanagar Empire, Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
- Hampi - History and Tourism