Propane
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Propane[1] | |
| Systematic IUPAC name
Tricarbane (never recommended[1]) | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| EC number | 200-827-9 |
| KEGG | D05625 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:32879 |
| RTECS number | TX2275000 |
| SMILES | CCC |
| Beilstein Reference | 1730718 |
| Gmelin Reference | 25044 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C3H8 |
| Molar mass | 44.1 g mol-1 |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 2.0098 kg/m3 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa) |
| Melting point |
-188 °C, 85.5 K, -306 °F |
| Boiling point | |
| Solubility in water | 47 mg⋅L−1 (at 0 °C) |
| log P | 2.236 |
| Vapor pressure | 853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F)) |
| kH | 15 nmol⋅Pa−1⋅kg−1 |
| −40.5 × 10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Dipole moment | 0.083 D[2] |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−105.2–104.2 kJ⋅mol−1 |
| Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH |
−2.2197–2.2187 MJ⋅mol−1 |
| Specific heat capacity, C | 73.60 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 |
4
2
0
|
| Explosive limits | 2.37–9.5% |
| U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3)[3] |
Propane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8. It is an alkane with three carbon atoms. It is used in fuels.
It begins to burn very quickly. Its melting temperature is −187.7 °C; its boiling temperature is −42 °C; its density is 1.83 g/l.
Propane is extracted from natural gasoline or from petroleum.
Propane Media
A 20 lb (9.1 kg) steel propane cylinder. This cylinder is fitted with an overfill prevention device (OPD) valve, as evidenced by the trilobular handwheel.
Temperature–density curve for liquid/vapor propane
Domestic spherical steel pressure vessel for propane storage
Cylinders type 2012 containing 2 kg, and type 2000 containing 0.34 kg propane; sizes normally used for camping devices and hobby projects in workshops.
Sources
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) (2014). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001.
- ↑ Lide, David R., Jr.. Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Dipole Moment of Propane. J. Chem. Phys. 33 (5) (1960). p. 1514–1518. doi:10.1063/1.1731434.
- ↑ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0524National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ↑ GOV, NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US. PROPANE – CAMEO Chemicals – NOAA. cameochemicals.noaa.gov.
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