Joseon
Joseon (Hangul: 조선; Hanja: 朝鮮; also Chosŏn, Choson, Chosun, Cho-sen), was a Korean state started by Taejo Yi Seong-gye. It began after the end of the Goryeo Dynasty at what is today the city of Kaesong. It ended with the assassination of Empress Myeongseong. Joseon was the last dynasty of Korean history and the longest Confucian dynasty.
Joseon | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1392–1897 | |||||||||
.svg)  | |||||||||
.svg) Territory of Joseon after Jurchen conquest of King Sejong | |||||||||
| Capital | Hanseong[a] | ||||||||
| Common languages | Korean | ||||||||
| Classical Chinese, Korean | |||||||||
| Religion | Confucianism (state ideology) Buddhism Shamanism Taoism Christianity (recognized in 1886) | ||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy[2] | ||||||||
| King | |||||||||
• 1392–1398 (first) | Taejo | ||||||||
• 1863–1897 (last) | Gojong | ||||||||
| Yeonguijeong, later Prime Minister[b] | |||||||||
• 1392–1398 (first) | Jeong Do-jeon | ||||||||
• 1896–1898 (last) | Yun Yong Seon | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• | 5 August 1392 | ||||||||
| 9 October 1446 | |||||||||
| 1592–1598 | |||||||||
• First and second Manchu invasions | 1627, 1636–1637 | ||||||||
| 26 February 1876 | |||||||||
| 17 April 1895 | |||||||||
• | 13 October 1897 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1400[3] | 5,730,000 | ||||||||
• 1500[4] | 9,000,000 | ||||||||
• 1600[4] | 11,000,000 | ||||||||
• 1700[4] | 13,500,000 | ||||||||
• 1900[3] | 17,082,000 | ||||||||
| Currency | Mun (1423–1425, 1625–1892) Yang (1892–1897) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | North Korea South Korea | ||||||||
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 조선 |
| Hanja | 朝鮮 |
| Revised Romanization | <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Joseon |
| McCune–Reischauer | <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Chosŏn |
| North Korea name | |
| Hangul | 조선봉건왕조[5][6] |
| Hanja | 朝鮮封建王朝 |
| Revised Romanization | <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Joseon Bonggeon Wangjo |
| McCune–Reischauer | <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Chosŏn Bonggŏnwangjo |
| Official name | |
| Hangul | 대조선국 |
| Hanja | 大朝鮮國 |
| Revised Romanization | <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Daejoseonguk |
| McCune–Reischauer | <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Taechosŏnguk |
Today, some Koreans use the word "Joseon" to mean something bad because they think of the Joseon Dynasty as something that failed. Young Koreans use the expression "Hell Joseon" to talk about how hard it is to find a good job in South Korea today.[7]
History
Major events
The creation of Hangul[8]
Hangul is the language of Korea that is still used today.
Hangul was created by King Sejong the Great in 1443 and officially put into effect nationwide in 1446. It was created based on the shape of the human vocal apparatus when pronouncing it.[9] The creation of Hangul had many good influences, including the creation of culture.
Japanese Invasion (Imjin War)
The Japanese Invasion was a war between Joseon and Japan from 1592 to 1598 (7 years). Toyotomi Hideyoshi of Japan invaded Joseon after unifying his country. Then king, Seonjo, fled to the north. But as the Joseon's army, including Yi Sun-sin, fought hard, Japan retreated for a while. Japan invaded again in 1597,[10] and the war ended when Toyotomi Hideyoshi died.
During the war, many cultural assets of Joseon were destroyed and taken away.[11]
Qing invasion
The Qing invasion was a war fought between the Joseon Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty from 1636 to 1637. Joseon fought to protect the country, but Joseon was eventually defeated by the Qing Dynasty. Injo surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.
At this time, many Qing soldiers kidnapped Joseon women to make concubine or sell them.[12] Including this, a lot of social damage had occurred to Joseon because of this invasion.
Joseon Media
Joseon wang bo (Royal Seal Treasure of the Joseon King)
King Taejo's portrait
The throne room at Gyeongbok Palace
Portrait of Ha Yeon, who served as Chief State Councillor during King Sejong's reign
A page from the Hunmin Jeongeum Eonhae, a partial translation of Hunminjeongeum, the original promulgation of the Korean alphabet
Portrait of the neo-Confucian scholar, Jo Gwang-jo (1482–1519)
Jeong Cheol (1536–1593), head of the Western faction
The Turtle ship (replica)
View of Hallyeo National Marine Park in Tongyeong, South Gyeongsang province, South Korea
.svg)
.jpg)
Notes
- ↑ Now Seoul, South Korea.
- ↑ Style: Yeonguijeong (1401-1894); Naegak chongri daesin (1894-96); Ui jeong (1896-1905)
References
- ↑ Li, Jun-gyu (이준규) (2009-07-22) (in ko). Newstown. http://www.newstown.co.kr/newsbuilder/service/article/messmail.asp?P_Index=72824.+"1392년부터 1910년까지 한반도전역을 통치하였던 조선(朝鮮)은 일반적으로 조선왕조(朝鮮王朝)라 칭하였으며, 어보(御寶), 국서(國書)등에도 대조선국(大朝鮮國)이라는 명칭을 사용하였었다. (translation) Joseon which had ruled from 1392 to 1910 was commonly referred to as the "Joseon dynasty" while "Great Joseon State" was used in the royal seal, national documents, and others.".[dead link]
- ↑ Choi, Sang-hun (27 October 2017). Interior Space and Furniture of Joseon Upper-class Houses. Ewha Womans University Press. p. 16. ISBN 9788973007202 – via Google Books.
Joseon was an absolute monarchy
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 권태환 신용하 (1977). 조선왕조시대 인구추정에 관한 일시론.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 이헌창 (1999). 한국경제통사 52쪽.
- ↑ "조선력사 시대구분표". Naenara (in 한국어). Archived from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ↑ "Korean History in Chronological Order". Naenara. Archived from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ↑ Mike Williams. A hope in hell: Why do young people in South Korea refer to their country as hell? The answer depends on who you ask.. ABC. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-30/south-korea-hell-joseon-sampo-generation/11844506?nw=0. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
- ↑ It is sometimes written as 'Hangul' based on English, but it is also correct to write 'Hangeul' according to the Romanization system.[1] Archived 2022-10-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Service (KOCIS), Korean Culture and Information. "Joseon Dynasty : Korea.net : The official website of the Republic of Korea". www.korea.net. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
- ↑ This war is called 'Jeong Yoo Jae-ran(Korean : 정유재란).
- ↑ "Korea Information - History". Korean Cultural Center New York. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
- ↑ "The tragic fate of Joseon women". koreajoongangdaily.joins.com. 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2022-10-12.