Abdication
Abdication is the act of resigning from an office (official job), especially from being the leader of a country. The word is normally used for kings and queens who decide to give up their position which brings an end to a reign.[1] The term is also used for popes.[2] called emeritus.
A similar term for an elected or appointed official is resignation.
King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom is an example of a king who abdicated.[3]
Select list of abdications
- Caedwalla of Wessex, 688[4]
- Ine of Wessex, 726[5]
- Pope Benedict IX, 1048[6]
- Stephen II of Hungary, 1131[1]
- Pope Celestine V, 1294[7]
- Richard II of England, 1399[1]
- Pope Gregory XII, 1415.[7]
- Murad II, Ottoman Sultan, 1444-1445[1]
- Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 1556[1]
- Christina of Sweden, 1654[8]
- James II of England, 1688[9]
- Philip V of Spain, 1724[1]
- Ahmed III, Sultan of Turkey, 1730[1]
- Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 1814[10] and 1815[11]
- Charles X of France, 1830[1]
- Pedro I of Brazil, 1831[12]
- Miguel of Portugal, 1834[1]
- Louis Philippe I of France, 1848[1]
- Fredrik Kaarle I of Finland, 1918
- Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, 1936
- Pope Benedict XVI, 2013.[7]
- Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, 2013
- King Albert II of Belgium, 2013
- King Juan Carlos I of Spain, 2014
- Emperor Akihito of Japan, 2019[13]
- Margrethe II of Denmark, 2024
Abdication Media
Napoleon's first abdication, signed at the Palace of Fontainebleau on 4 April 1814
Dom Pedro I, founder and emperor of the Empire of Brazil, delivers his abdication letter on 7 April 1831
Tomb effigy of heart of King John II Casimir Vasa at Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris, showing removal of the crown
Instrument of abdication signed by Edward VIII and his three brothers, Albert, Henry and George, 10 December 1936
Queen Christina of Sweden shocked Europe by abdicating to move to Rome and serve the pope.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "Abdication," Encyclopædia Britannica (1911); retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ "Abdication," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ "Edward VIII: Abdication timeline," BBC. 29 January 2003; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 70
- ↑ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 72-73
- ↑ "Pope Benedict IX", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lizzy Davies. "Pope Benedict XVI resigns," Guardian UK). 11 February 2013; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ Masson, Georgina. (1968). Queen Christina, p. 175.
- ↑ "English Revolution of 1688", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ↑ Pawly, Ronald. (2004). Napoleon's Imperial Headquarters, p. 4.
- ↑ Pawly, p. 52.
- ↑ Curtis, William Eleroy. (1888). The Capitals of Spanish America, pp. 688.
- ↑ Enjoji, Kaori (December 1, 2017). "Japan Emperor Akihito to abdicate on April 30, 2019". CNN (Tokyo). http://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/30/asia/japan-emperor-akihito-abdication-intl/index.html. Retrieved December 1, 2017.