Baphomet

The 19th century image of Baphomet, created by Eliphas Lévi. The arms bear the Latin words SOLVE (dissolve) and COAGULA (congeal).

Baphomet (μπαφομέτ) is a name of unknown origin. It first appeared in trial transcripts during the inquisition of the Knights Templar in the early 1300s. Some modern scholars believe the name to have been an Old French corruption and misspelling of the name Mahomet (Muhammad).^[1] Nowadays it is generally viewed as a symbol of the Devil.

In the Middle Ages, the Templars were accused of heresy, such as denying Jesus Christ and spitting on the cross. They also said to have worshiped an icon called "Bafomet". Beyond this, little is known about the origins of the Baphomet.

In the 1800s, magician Eliphas Levi interpreted Baphomet as an occult symbol representing perfection, or the union of opposites to create divine harmony. To illustrate his point, he drew it as a goat-headed androgyne with wings, female breasts, a rod between its legs, and a flaming torch between its horns. This was used by people who thought it was Satanic notably in anti-Freemasonry tracts, where some writers accused Masons of worshipping the devil. Many evangelical Christians still believe masonry to be of the devil.

In modern times, Baphomet has been adapted as a symbol by occultists and Satanists. A related symbol (also drawn by Levi) is the Sigil of Baphomet, which is a goat's head drawn inside a five-pointed star. It has become a common icon among heavy metal bands like Slayer and Venom. The Sigil of Baphomet is also the official logo of the Church of Satan.

Baphomet Media

An 1856 depiction of the Sabbatic Goat from Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie by Éliphas Lévi. The arms bear the Latin words SOLVE (dissolve) and COAGULA (coagulate), reflecting the spiritual alchemy of Lévi's work.
Two Templars burned at the stake; illustration from a 15th–century French manuscript
Drawings of upright and inverted pentagrams representing Spirit over matter (holiness) and matter over Spirit (evil), respectively, from La Clef de la magie noire (1897) by French occultist Stanislas de Guaita. Note the names Adam, Eve, Samael, and Lilith.
Knights Templar seal representing the Gnostic figure Abraxas^[2]
Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1774–1856) associated a series of carved or engraved figures found on a number of supposed 13th-century Templar artifacts (such as cups, bowls and coffers) with the Baphometic idol.
EliphasLevi
Le Diable, from the early 18th-century Tarot of Marseilles by Jean Dodal
The Devil in the Rider–Waite tarot deck