Citrus

Citrus
	Various citrus fruits
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Rutaceae
Subfamily:	Aurantioideae
Tribe:	Citreae
Subtribe:	Citrinae
Genus:	Citrus; L.
Species and hybrids
	Ancestral species:; Citrus maxima – Pomelo; Citrus medica – Citron; Citrus reticulata – Mandarin orange; Citrus micrantha – a papeda; Citrus hystrix – Kaffir lime; Citrus cavaleriei - Ichang papeda; Citrus japonica - Kumquat Important hybrids:; Citrus × aurantiifolia – Key lime; Citrus × aurantium – Bitter orange; Citrus × latifolia – Persian lime; Citrus × limon – Lemon; Citrus × limonia – Rangpur; Citrus × paradisi – Grapefruit; Citrus × sinensis – Sweet orange; Citrus × tangerina – Tangerine; See also below for other species and hybrids.
Synonyms
	Eremocitrus; Microcitrus

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae.

Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits. The genus Citrus is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. For thousands of years, people in these areas grew citrus plants.

Citrus fruits include oranges, lemons, grapefruits, limes, citrons, pomelos, and kumquats.

Citrus reached Micronesia and Polynesia with the Austronesian expansion around 3000-1500 BC. It reached the Middle East and Mediterranean around 1200 BC, and then Europe.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

See also List of citrus fruits.

Citrus Media

Map of inferred original wild ranges of the main Citrus cultivars, and selected relevant wild taxa
Many Citrus species are hybrids of citron, mandarin and pomelo.
Structure of the botanical hesperidium
Mediterranean Mandarin (Citrus × deliciosa) plantation, Mallorca
The world's major producer regions for citrus fruits
Bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) is a furanocoumarin in some citrus fruits that causes skin inflammation when followed by ultraviolet light.
The Versailles Orangerie, 1686
Giovanna Garzoni's Still Life with Bowl of Citrons, late 1640s
Citrus Ichangensis
Kumquat, with a seed inside one of the carpels

References

↑ Wu GA, Terol J, Ibanez V, López-García A, Pérez-Román E, Borredá C, Domingo C, Tadeo FR, Carbonell-Caballero J, Alonso R, Curk F, Du D, Ollitrault P, Roose ML, Dopazo J, Gmitter FG, Rokhsar DS, Talon M (February 2018). "Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus". Nature. 554 (7692): 311–316. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..311W. doi:10.1038/nature25447. PMID 29414943.
↑ Fuller, Dorian Q.; Castillo, Cristina; Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Qin, Ling; Weisskopf, Alison (2017). "Charred pomelo peel, historical linguistics and other tree crops: approaches to framing the historical context of early Citrus cultivation in East, South and Southeast Asia". In Zech-Matterne, Véronique; Fiorentino, Girolamo (eds.). AGRUMED: Archaeology and history of citrus fruit in the Mediterranean (PDF). Publications du Centre Jean Bérard. pp. 29–48. doi:10.4000/books.pcjb.2107. ISBN 9782918887775.
↑ Zech-Matterne, Véronique; Fiorentino, Girolamo; Coubray, Sylvie; Luro, François (2017). "Introduction". In Zech-Matterne, Véronique; Fiorentino, Girolamo (eds.). AGRUMED: Archaeology and history of citrus fruit in the Mediterranean: Acclimatization, diversification, uses. Publications du Centre Jean Bérard. ISBN 9782918887775.
↑ Langgut, Dafna (June 2017). "The Citrus Route Revealed: From Southeast Asia into the Mediterranean". HortScience. 52 (6): 814–822. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI11023-16.

[Wu-1] Wu GA, Terol J, Ibanez V, López-García A, Pérez-Román E, Borredá C, Domingo C, Tadeo FR, Carbonell-Caballero J, Alonso R, Curk F, Du D, Ollitrault P, Roose ML, Dopazo J, Gmitter FG, Rokhsar DS, Talon M (February 2018). "Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus". Nature. 554 (7692): 311–316. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..311W. doi:10.1038/nature25447. PMID 29414943.

[fuller-2] Fuller, Dorian Q.; Castillo, Cristina; Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Qin, Ling; Weisskopf, Alison (2017). "Charred pomelo peel, historical linguistics and other tree crops: approaches to framing the historical context of early Citrus cultivation in East, South and Southeast Asia". In Zech-Matterne, Véronique; Fiorentino, Girolamo (eds.). AGRUMED: Archaeology and history of citrus fruit in the Mediterranean (PDF). Publications du Centre Jean Bérard. pp. 29–48. doi:10.4000/books.pcjb.2107. ISBN 9782918887775.

[Zech-Matterne-3] Zech-Matterne, Véronique; Fiorentino, Girolamo; Coubray, Sylvie; Luro, François (2017). "Introduction". In Zech-Matterne, Véronique; Fiorentino, Girolamo (eds.). AGRUMED: Archaeology and history of citrus fruit in the Mediterranean: Acclimatization, diversification, uses. Publications du Centre Jean Bérard. ISBN 9782918887775.

[langgut-4] Langgut, Dafna (June 2017). "The Citrus Route Revealed: From Southeast Asia into the Mediterranean". HortScience. 52 (6): 814–822. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI11023-16.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]