Croatian War of Independence

Croatian War of Independence
	Part of the Yugoslav Wars
	300px; Clockwise from top left: the central street of Dubrovnik, the Stradun, in ruins during the Siege of Dubrovnik; the damaged Vukovar water tower, a symbol of the early conflict, flying the Flag of Croatia; soldiers of the Croatian Army preparing to destroy a Serbian tank; the Vukovar Memorial Cemetery; a Serbian T-55 tank destroyed on the road to Drniš
Date	31 March 1991 – 12 November 1995; (4 years, 7 months, 1 week and 5 days)
Location	Croatia
Result	Croatian victory Yugoslav army formally withdrew from Croatia from January 1992 under the Sarajevo Agreement;; Croatian forces regained control over most of Republic of Serbian Krajina-held territory;; Croatian forces advanced into Bosnia and Herzegovina to assist the united Bosnian and Croatian side, which led to the eventual end of the Bosnian War in December 1995.;
Territorial; changes	The Croatian government gains control over the vast majority of territory previously held by rebel Serbs, with the remainder coming under UNTAES control.
Belligerents
1991–94:; Croatia	1991–92:; SFR Yugoslavia; File:Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg SAO Krajina; File:Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia; File:Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg SAO Western Slavonia
1994–95:; Croatia; Bosnia and Herzegovina	1992–95:; File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg Republic of Serbian Krajina; File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg Republika Srpska
Commanders and leaders
Franjo Tuđman; Gojko Šušak; Anton Tus; Janko Bobetko; Zvonimir Červenko; Petar Stipetić; Ante Gotovina	Slobodan Milošević; Veljko Kadijević; Blagoje Adžić; Života Panić; File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg Milan Martić; File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg Milan Babić; File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg Goran Hadžić; File:Flag of Serbia (1992–2004).svg Jovica Stanišić; File:Flag of Serbia (1992–2004).svg Franko Simatović; File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg Radovan Karadžić; File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg Ratko Mladić
Strength
70,000 (1991); 200,000 (1995)	145,000 (1991); File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg 50,000 (1995)
Casualties and losses
15,007 dead or missing; 8,685 soldiers and 6,322 civilians killed or missing300,000 displaced	File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg 7,134 dead or missing; 4,484 soldiers and 2,650 civilians killed or missing; 1,279 soldiers killedFile:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg 7,204 dead or missing; 3,486 soldiers, 2,677 civilians and 864 unidentified killed or missingFile:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg 7,204–8,106 dead or missing in total300,000 displaced

The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between Croat forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)—and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces.

In Croatia, the war is known as the "Homeland War" (Croatian: [Domovinski rat] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)) and also as the "Greater-Serbian Aggression".

In Serbian sources, "War in Croatia" and (rarely) "War in Krajina" are used.^[6]

Croatian War Of Independence Media

Stevan Kragujevic, Slobodan Milosevic, portret.jpg

Serbian President Slobodan Milošević advocated the incorporation of Serb-claimed lands in Croatia within a common state with Serbia.
Franjotudjman.jpg

Croatian President Franjo Tuđman advocated Croatia to become independent from Yugoslavia.
JNA offensive plan 1991.jpg

Map of the strategic offensive plan of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in 1991 as interpreted by the US Central Intelligence Agency
Serb T-55 Battle of the Barracks.JPG

The Croatian military eased their equipment shortage by seizing the JNA barracks in the Battle of the Barracks.
Plitvice Lakes incident, memorial, of the first killed croatian policemen.JPG

A monument to Josip Jović, widely perceived in Croatia as the first Croatian victim of the war, who died during the Plitvice Lakes incident
Map 3 - Croatia - Eastern Slavonia, September 1991-January 1992.jpg

The JNA breakthrough in eastern Slavonia, September 1991–-January 1992
Croatian War 1991 child refugee.jpg

Croatian internally displaced persons near Dubrovnik in December 1991
Lovas1.jpg

Photos of the victims of the Lovas massacre
A destroyed T-34-85 tank in Karlovac, Croatia.jpg

A destroyed T-34-85 tank in Karlovac, 1992
Captured Serb cannon and truck in Siritovci 1.jpg

Croatian soldiers capture a Serb cannon and truck in the Miljevci plateau incident, June 21, 1992

Notes

↑ As determined by the Badinter Arbitration Committee, SFR Yugoslavia dissolved during the war. On 25 June 1991, the Croatian parliament declared the independence of Croatia, following a referendum held in May. The decision was suspended for three months; the declaration became effective on 8 October 1991, and Croatia was no longer part of Yugoslavia.
↑ Bosnia and Herzegovina was particularly significant for the war in late 1994 and in 1995. Pursuant to the Washington Agreement, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was formed as a subunit of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RBiH) representing both Bosnian Croat and Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) ethnic groups. Most significantly, the Washington Agreement specifically permitted Croatian Army to enter Bosnia and Herzegovina, thereby allowing operations Cincar and Winter '94 against the army of Republika Srpska, outflanking the RSK capital at Knin and creating a new strategic situation before the decisive battles of the war.
↑ There was no formal declaration of war. The first armed clash of the war was the Pakrac clash on 1 March 1991, followed by the Plitvice Lakes incident on 31 March 1991, when the first fatalities occurred. The last major combat operation was Operation Storm, from 5–8 August 1995. Formally, hostilities ceased when the Erdut Agreement was signed on 12 November 1995.
↑ There were also some conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in late 1994 and early 1995. Among those, the most significant to the course of the war were Cincar, and Operation Winter '94.
↑ Three months after the military defeat of the RSK in Operation Storm, the UN-sponsored Erdut Agreement between the Croatian and RSK authorities was signed on 12 November 1995. The agreement provided for a two-year transitional period, later extended by a year, during which the remaining occupied territory of Croatia was to be transferred to control of the Croatian government. The agreement was implemented by UNTAES and successfully completed by 1998.

References

↑ Peter Maass (16 July 1992). Serb Artillery Hits Refugees – At Least 8 Die As Shells Hit Packed Stadium. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19920716&slug=1502415. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
↑ Tus: U listopadu '91. HV je imao 70.000 vojnika^{[dead link]} Domovinski rat.hr
↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).
↑ Zebić, Enis (15 January 2018). "Ljudski gubici u ratu u Hrvatskoj: 22.211 osoba" (in Croatian). Radio Free Europe. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/hrvatska-ljutski-gubici/28976312.html. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
↑ Phuong 2005, p. 157.
↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).

This short article about history can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.

[Croatia-Yugoslavia-1] As determined by the Badinter Arbitration Committee, SFR Yugoslavia dissolved during the war. On 25 June 1991, the Croatian parliament declared the independence of Croatia, following a referendum held in May. The decision was suspended for three months; the declaration became effective on 8 October 1991, and Croatia was no longer part of Yugoslavia.

[bosnia-1994.E2.80.931995-2] Bosnia and Herzegovina was particularly significant for the war in late 1994 and in 1995. Pursuant to the Washington Agreement, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was formed as a subunit of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RBiH) representing both Bosnian Croat and Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) ethnic groups. Most significantly, the Washington Agreement specifically permitted Croatian Army to enter Bosnia and Herzegovina, thereby allowing operations Cincar and Winter '94 against the army of Republika Srpska, outflanking the RSK capital at Knin and creating a new strategic situation before the decisive battles of the war.

[4] There was no formal declaration of war. The first armed clash of the war was the Pakrac clash on 1 March 1991, followed by the Plitvice Lakes incident on 31 March 1991, when the first fatalities occurred. The last major combat operation was Operation Storm, from 5–8 August 1995. Formally, hostilities ceased when the Erdut Agreement was signed on 12 November 1995.

[5] There were also some conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in late 1994 and early 1995. Among those, the most significant to the course of the war were Cincar, and Operation Winter '94.

[6] Three months after the military defeat of the RSK in Operation Storm, the UN-sponsored Erdut Agreement between the Croatian and RSK authorities was signed on 12 November 1995. The agreement provided for a two-year transitional period, later extended by a year, during which the remaining occupied territory of Croatia was to be transferred to control of the Croatian government. The agreement was implemented by UNTAES and successfully completed by 1998.

[SeattleTimes-SB-Artillery-3] Peter Maass (16 July 1992). Serb Artillery Hits Refugees – At Least 8 Die As Shells Hit Packed Stadium. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19920716&slug=1502415. Retrieved 23 December 2010.

[7] Tus: U listopadu '91. HV je imao 70.000 vojnika^{[dead link]} Domovinski rat.hr

[8] Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities at line 38: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil).

[Enis_Zebic-9] Zebić, Enis (15 January 2018). "Ljudski gubici u ratu u Hrvatskoj: 22.211 osoba" (in Croatian). Radio Free Europe. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/hrvatska-ljutski-gubici/28976312.html. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

[FOOTNOTEPhuong2005157-10] Phuong 2005, p. 157.

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