Bosniaks

Bosniaks or often Bosnian Muslims are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who share a common Bosnian ancestry, culture, history and language.

Bosniaks
Бошњака
Bošnjak

File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg Flag of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, today it is used as an ethnic flag.
Total population
c. 2.5 million
Regions with significant populations
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,769,592
Languages
Bosnian
Religion
Sunni Islam (Hanafi)
Related ethnic groups
Other South Slavs, Serbs and Croats

Origin

They come from old Bosnia, which is today Bosnia and Herzegovina, though many of them are from the other Balkan populations, especially Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. They come from medieval Bosnians or Bošnjani, Slavic that lived in what was then Bosnia. Medieval Bosniaks or Bosnians, called the Dobri bošnjani, "Good Bosnians") practiced different religions but they all spoke the Bosnian language.

Name

The Oxford English Dictionary says the ethnonym Bosniak was first used in English by the British diplomat and historian Paul Rycaut in 1680. He spelled it Bosnack to sound like the post-classical Latin Bosniacus (possibly earlier than 1682), the French word Bosniaque (1695 or earlier) or the German word Bosniak (1737 or earlier). An ethnonym is a name of a group of people. The 1836 version of Penny Cyclopaedia V. 231/1 uses the modern spelling:

The inhabitants of Bosnia are composed of Bosniaks, a race of Sclavonian origin.

All Slavic languages use the suffix -ak for masculine nouns. For example, people from the ethnic group in Poland can be called Polak and people from Slovakia Slovaks (Slovák). Consequently, "Bosniak" is logic equivalent to its non-ethnic counterpart "Bosnian," which came to English from Middle French as Bosnien): a native of Bosnia.

English speakers usually say Bosnian Muslim to refer to Bosniaks, but this is not completely true because not all Bosniaks are Muslim. Partly because of this, ever since the country Yugoslavia broke up, people have started to say Bosniak instead of Muslim as an official way to talk about them while avoiding confusion. They also say Bosnians, but this word can mean anyone from Bosnia or Herzegovina, not just members of the Bosniak ethnic group.

Modern times

Today, Bosniaks are mostly Bosnian-speaking and write in the Latin script or Cyrillic script. Most modern Bosniaks are Muslim, while the remainder are either agnostics or atheists. Most Bosniaks identify themselves as Sunni Muslims. They have both European and Islamic heritage. Both within the Balkans region and throughout the world, Bosniaks are often noted for their unique culture, which has been influenced by both eastern and western civilizations and schools of thought over the course of their history.

A few million Bosniaks live in the Balkans, while about one million other Bosniaks live in other parts of the world. Ethnic cleansing during WWII (1939–1945) and genocide during the Bosnian War (1993–95) killed many Bosniaks. Partially because of this, there has been a Bosniak diaspora in a number of countries, including Bosnian Austrians, Germany, Bosnian Australians, Sweden, Turkey, Canada, and the United States.

Bosniaks Media

• Bosniak men in traditional attire - Gorazde, 1895.jpg

  Bosniaks by the Drina river in Gorazde in 1895

• Mehmed-beg Kapetanovic Ljubusak.jpg

  Mehmed Kapetanović was the leading proponent of the Bosniak identity

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  Genetic structure of Bosnians within European context according to three genetic systems: Autosomal DNA (A), Y-DNA (B) and mtDNA (C) per Kushniarevich et al. (2015)

• BiH, Radimlja necropolis 2.jpg

  Medieval monumental tombstones (Stećci) that lie scattered across Bosnia and Herzegovina are historically associated with the Bosnian Church movement

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  Territorial evolution of the Bosnian Kingdom

• Mostar, Stari Most at night.jpg

  Stari Most is a 16th-century Ottoman bridge in the city of Mostar designed by Turkish architect Mimar Sinan

• Folk group Costume Dress, Bosnia Herzegovina.jpg

  Bosnian women dressed in traditional costumes in which one can see how the Ottoman influence has been assimilated into their clothing.

• Sarajevo 1878..jpg

  Illustration of resistance during the siege of Sarajevo in 1878 against the Austro-Hungarian troops.

• Muhajir.jpg

  Bosnian Muslim muhacirs (emigrants) left for the Ottoman Empire as a form of resistance to Austrian-Hungarian rule

Related pages

• Bosnian genocide
• Srebrenica massacre