Dugong
The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a large mammal that lives its whole life in the sea.[2]
| Dugong | |
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| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
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| Family: | Gray, 1821
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| Subfamily: | Dugonginae Simpson, 1932
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| Genus: | Dugong Lacépède, 1799
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| Species: | D. dugon
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| Binomial name | |
| Dugong dugon (Müller, 1776)
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| Natural range of D. dugon. | |
They are sometimes called "sea cows" as they eat large amounts of sea grass. They live in warm, shallow areas where the sea grass grows. This area includes the north coast of Australia, and in other countries in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.[2]
Dugongs are more closely related to elephants than to other sea creatures.[3] Their closest aquatic relative is the manatee, a fresh water species found in America and West Africa.[4][3]
The dugong can grow to about 3 m (10 ft) long and weigh as much as 400 kg (882 lb).[2] They only come to the surface to breathe, and unlike seals, they never come up on the land.[2] A baby dugong is called a calf. It drinks milk from its mother until about two years old. A dugong reaches its adult size between the ages of 9 and 17 years.[2] The dugong can live for up to 70 years of age.[3] They are grey to brown in color. They have a tail with flukes, like a whale, and flippers. They do not have a dorsal fin like a shark. They have a wide flat nose, small eyes, and small ears.[4]
The dugong is a migratory animal, but very slow moving. Studies by James Cook University showed that while many dugongs traveled less than 15 km (9 mi), some went as far as 560 km (348 mi).[5] Scientists believe that dugongs move long distances for several reasons. They may be looking for food, as cyclones or floods can affect the seagrass. Males may be following females, or looking for their own territory. If the water gets cold, less than 17 degrees Centigrade, they will travel to warmer areas.[5]
Because of their size, the only other species to attack dugongs are sharks, the Saltwater Crocodile and killer whales.
Dugong Media
Dugong skeleton displayed at Philippine National Museum
Bones in the forelimb can fuse variously with age.
A Dugong Dugong swimming in Abu Dabbab (Marsa Murena), Egypt, Fin Visible
Dugong on the sea floor at Marsa Alam, Egypt
Dugong with attached remora off Lamen Island, Vanuatu
A mother and calf in shallow water
Typical dugong feeding area in Moreton Bay
A cave painting of a dugong – Tambun Cave, Perak, Malaysia
References
- ↑ Marsh, H. (2008). Dugong dugon. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2008. Retrieved on 29 December 2008.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Dugongs". Department of Environment, Heritage, Water and the Arts. Australian Government. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Dugong Biology and Life History". Dugong. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-05-01. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Dugong". Australian Museum. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Dugong Movements". Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-05-01. Retrieved 2010-02-07.