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Gironde
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![]() Location of Gironde in France | |||
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Country | France | ||
Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | ||
Département | 4 March 1790 | ||
Prefecture | Bordeaux | ||
Subprefectures | Arcachon, Blaye, Langon, Lesparre-Médoc, Libourne | ||
Government | |||
• President | Jean-Luc Gleyze | ||
Area | |||
• Total | 9,975.6 km2 (3,851.6 sq mi) | ||
Population (2014)[3] | |||
• Total | 1,526,016 | ||
• Density | 152.9749/km2 (396.2031/sq mi) | ||
Demonym(s) | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Text' not found. | ||
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) | ||
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) | ||
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ISO 3166 code | FR-33 | ||
Arrondissements | 6 | ||
Cantons | 33 | ||
Communes | 538 | ||
Website | www.gironde.fr |
Gironde (Occitan: GirondaLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.) is a department in the southwest of France. It is named after the Gironde estuary.
The department is in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Its prefecture is Bordeaux.
Contents
History
Gironde was formed during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with parts of the old provinces of Guyenne and Gascony.
From July 1793 to April 1795, the department's name was changed to Bec-d'Ambès to avoid the association with the Girondists, a French revolutionary group.
The department was divided into seven districts: Bordeaux, Libourne, La Réole, Bazas, Cadillac, Blaye and Lesparre. Its capital was the city of Bordeaux.[4]
Geography
Gironde is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France, and is the largest department of Metropolitan France with an area of 9,975.6 km2 (3,852 sq mi).[2]
There four main zones in the Gironde; they are:
- the coastal zone, including part of the Côte d'Argent ("Silver coast");
- the forest that covers the western half of the department;
- the Bordelais, region around Bordeaux and where the different kinds of Bordeaux wines are produced; and
- the Bazadais, the region around the town of Bazas, in the soutwest of the department and where farming is very important.
The department is bordered by the departments: Charente-Maritime, Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne and Landes. The Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Biscay) is to the west of the department.
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Charente-Maritime | ![]() | ||
Atlantic Ocean | ![]() |
Dordogne | ||
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Landes | Lot-et-Garonne |
The main rivers in the department are the Dordogne and the Garonne rivers; the two rivers form, after their confluence, the Gironde estuary, the largest estuary of France.
Climate
The climate in Bordeaux is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.[5]
The average temperature for the year in Bordeaux is 13.8 °C (56.8 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 21.4 °C (70.5 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F).
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Bordeaux is 850.9 mm (33.5 in). The month with the most precipitation on average is November with 88.9 mm (3.5 in) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of 53.3 mm (2.1 in).[5]
Administration
Gironde is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and is managed by the Departmental Council of Gironde in Bordeaux.
Administrative divisions
There are 6 arrondissements (districts), 33 cantons and 538 communes (municipalities) in Gironde.[6]
INSEE code |
Arrondissement | Capital | Population[7] (2014) |
Area[8] (km²) |
Density (Inh./km²) |
Communes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
331 | Blaye | Blaye | 88,115 | 782.4 | 112.6 | 63 |
332 | Bordeaux | Bordeaux | 921,668 | 1,521.8 | 605.6 | 82 |
333 | Langon | Langon | 130,911 | 2,644.3 | 49.5 | 197 |
334 | Lesparre-Médoc | Lesparre-Médoc | 86,560 | 2,274.4 | 38.1 | 50 |
335 | Libourne | Libourne | 152,602 | 1,282.9 | 119.0 | 129 |
336 | Arcachon | Arcachon | 146,160 | 1,469.8 | 99.4 | 17 |
The following is a list of the 33 cantons of the Gironde department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:[9]
Template-specific style sheet:
- Andernos-les-Bains (3301)
- Bordeaux-1 (3302)
- Bordeaux-2 (3303)
- Bordeaux-3 (3304)
- Bordeaux-4 (3305)
- Bordeaux-5 (3306)
- Le Bouscat (3307)
- La Brède (3308)
- Cenon (3309)
- Les Coteaux de Dordogne (3310)
- Créon (3311)
- L'Entre-Deux-Mers (3312)
- L'Estuaire (3313)
- Gujan-Mestras (3314)
- Les Landes des Graves (3315)
- Le Libournais-Fronsadais (3316)
- Lormont (3317)
- Mérignac-1 (3318)
- Mérignac-2 (3319)
- Le Nord-Gironde (3320)
- Le Nord-Libournais (3321)
- Le Nord-Médoc (3322)
- Pessac-1 (3323)
- Pessac-2 (3324)
- Les Portes du Médoc (3325)
- La Presqu'île (3326)
- Le Réolais et Les Bastides (3327)
- Saint-Médard-en-Jalles (3328)
- Le Sud-Gironde (3329)
- Le Sud-Médoc (3330)
- Talence (3331)
- La Teste-de-Buch (3332)
- Villenave-d'Ornon (3333)
Demographics
The inhabitants of Gironde are known, in French, as Girondins (women: Girondines).[10]
The department of Gironde has a population, in 2014, of 1,526,016,[3] for a population density of 152.97 inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Bordeaux, with 921,668 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The arrondissements of Blaye and Lesparre-Médoc are those with less people, with 88,115 and 86,560 inhabitants.[7]
Evolution of the population in Gironde <timeline> Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
ImageSize = width:500 height:373 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:30 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1600000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:400000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
BarData=
bar:1968 text:1968 bar:1975 text:1975 bar:1982 text:1982 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2008 text:2008 bar:2014 text:2014
PlotData=
color:barra width:30 align:left
bar:1968 from:0 till: 1009390 bar:1975 from:0 till: 1061480 bar:1982 from:0 till: 1127546 bar:1990 from:0 till: 1213499 bar:1999 from:0 till: 1287334 bar:2008 from:0 till: 1421276 bar:2014 from:0 till: 1526016
PlotData=
bar:1968 at: 1009390 fontsize:S text: 1,009,390 shift:(-13,5) bar:1975 at: 1061480 fontsize:S text: 1,061,480 shift:(-22,5) bar:1982 at: 1127546 fontsize:S text: 1,127,546 shift:(-22,5) bar:1990 at: 1213499 fontsize:S text: 1,213,499 shift:(-22,5) bar:1999 at: 1287334 fontsize:S text: 1,287,334 shift:(-22,5) bar:2008 at: 1421276 fontsize:S text: 1,421,276 shift:(-22,5) bar:2014 at: 1526016 fontsize:S text: 1,526,016 shift:(-22,5)
</timeline>
The main cities in the department are:
City | Population[7] (2014) |
Arrondissement |
---|---|---|
Bordeaux | 246,586 | Bordeaux |
Mérignac | 69,301 | Bordeaux |
Pessac | 61,514 | Bordeaux |
Talence | 41,182 | Bordeaux |
Villenave-d'Ornon | 31,027 | Bordeaux |
Saint-Médard-en-Jalles | 29,779 | Bordeaux |
Bègles | 26,437 | Bordeaux |
La Teste-de-Buch | 25,990 | Arcachon |
Gradignan | 24,841 | Bordeaux |
Libourne | 24,595 | Libourne |
Gallery
Bordeaux wine
The Great Dune of Pyla
Château de la Brède, birthplace of Montesquieu
Related pages
References
- ↑ "L’institution départementale" (in French). Conseil départamental de la Gironde. https://www.gironde.fr/le-departement/linstitution-departementale. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Département de La Gironde (33) - Résumé statistique" (in French). Publications et statistiques pour la France ou les régions. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo=DEP-33. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Populations légales 2014: Recensement de la population - Régions, départements, arrondissements, cantons et communes" (in French). Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2525762?sommaire=2525768. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ↑ "Historique de la Gironde" (in French). Le SPLAF. http://splaf.free.fr/33his.html. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Bordeaux, France - Köppen Climate Classification". Weatherbase. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=1570&cityname=Bordeaux%2C+Aquitaine%2C+France&units=. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
- ↑ "Département de la Gironde (33)" (in French). Géographie administrative et d'étude. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/cog/departement/DEP33-gironde. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Régions, départements, arrondissements, cantons et communes" (in French) (PDF). Populations légales 2014. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2525755/dep33.pdf. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ↑ "Département des Landes (40)" (in French). Comparateur de territoire. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE. https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=ARR-331+ARR-332+ARR-333+ARR-334+ARR-335+ARR-336. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ↑ "Décret n° 2014-192 du 20 février 2014 portant délimitation des cantons dans le département de la Gironde" (in French). Légifrance.gouv.fr. 20 April 2014. http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000028638247. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ↑ "Gironde (33)" (in French). habitants.fr. http://www.habitants.fr/habitants_departement_gironde_33.html. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
Other websites
- Departmental Council of Gironde (in French)
- Prefecture official website (in French)
- Agence de Développement Touristique de la Gironde Archived 2011-02-04 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
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