Hindustani language
Hindustani is an Indo-Aryan language that originated in the Punjab.[6] It is widely spoken in India and Pakistan. It is written in Devanagari and Nastaliq. The Devanagari variety is commonly called Hindi or Hindui. The Nastaliq variety is commonly called Urdu or Lashkari.[7][8] There also is a Braille version, called Bharati Braille.
| Hindustani | |
|---|---|
| Hindi हिन्दुस्तानी ہندوستانی | |
| File:Hindustani language.svg The word "Hindustani" written in Devanagari script | |
| Native to | India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh |
| Native speakers | (240 million[1] cited 1991–1997) Second language: 165 million (1999)[2] Total: 490 million (2006)[3] |
| Language family | |
| Early forms: | Old Hindi
|
| Standard forms | |
| Writing system | Perso-Arabic (Urdu alphabet) Devanagari (Hindi and Urdu alphabets) Bharati Braille (Hindi and Urdu) Kaithi (historical) |
| Official status | |
| Official language in | 22x20px Pakistan (as Urdu) 22x20px India (as Hindi and Urdu) |
| Regulated by | Central Hindi Directorate (Hindi, India),[4] National Language Authority, (Urdu, Pakistan); National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (Urdu, India)[5] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | hi, ur |
| ISO 639-2 | hin, urd |
| ISO 639-3 | Either: hin – Standard Hindi urd – Urdu |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAF-qa to -qf |
Because the English languge is important in the region, the Hindustani language is sometimes written using the Latin script. These transliterations are called Romainzed Urdu, and Roman Hindi.
Hindi and Urdu use different alphabets, but the grammar and pronounciation is almost the same. For this reason, the languages are mutually intelligible. Two peole will understand each other, when one of them speaks Urdu, and the other Hindi. As both languages use different writing systems, this may not be the case for written texts.
Hindustani Language Media
- A grammar of the Hindustani language (IA dli.csl.7322).pdf
A grammar of the Hindustani language, published 1843
- Trilingual road sign in India.png
A road sign using Hindi, Urdu, and English
- Zaban urdu mualla.png
The phrase Zubān-e Urdu-ye Mualla in Nastaʿlīq
- Lashkari Zaban calligraphy.png
Lashkari Zabān title in the Perso-Arabic script
- South asia.jpg
Hindustani, in its standardised registers, is one of the official languages of both India (Hindi) and Pakistan (Urdu).
"Surahi" in Samrup Rachna calligraphy
References
- ↑ Standard Hindi: 180 million India (1991). Urdu: 48 million India (1997), 11 million Pakistan (1993). Ethnologue 16.
- ↑ 120 million Standard Hindi (1999), 45 million Urdu (1999). Ethnologue 16.
- ↑ "BBC: A Guide to Urdu". Archived from the original on 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
- ↑ The Central Hindi Directorate regulates the use of Devanagari script and Hindi spelling in India. Source: Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction Archived 2010-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language
- ↑ https://dn721609.ca.archive.org/0/items/forumias.com-explained-why-lashkari-is-an-indian-language-not-a-foreign-one/forumias.com-Explained%20Why%20Lashkari%20is%20an%20Indian%20language%20not%20a%20foreign%20one.pdf
- ↑ Although Urdu in form of Zuban-I Urdu-yi Mu'lla was already in use during the reign of Emperor Shajahan and referred to as Lashkari Zaban, Muhammed Shah made it popular among his people, declaring it to be his Court Language. In his respect, Lashkari or Urdu replaced Farsi or Persian, which was being used and understood by fewer and fewer individuals. Dhir, K. S. (2022). The Wonder that is Urdu: A Multidisciplinary Analysis. India: Motilal Banarsidass
- ↑ "Excerpt: How Urdu began". Dawn News. 29 November 2008.
Other websites
- History of Hindustani JustPedia
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