Hindi
Hindi (हिन्दी), historically known as Hindavi (हिन्दवी) or Hindui (हिंदुई),[6] is an Indo-Aryan language. It is the biggest language in India and one of the official languages. Nearly half the people in India speak Hindi. The Devanāgarī script is used to write Hindi. Previously Hindi was known as Hindui.
| Hindi | ||
|---|---|---|
| हिन्दी | ||
 The word "Hindi" in Devanagari script | ||
| Pronunciation | [ˈɦɪn̪d̪iː] | |
| Native to |  India FijiSignificant communities in Nepal | |
| Native speakers | L1: 345 million speakers of Hindi and various related languages who reported their language as 'Hindi' [1][2] (2011) L2: 260 million (2020)[3][2] | |
| Language family | Indo-European
| |
| Writing system | Devanagari Hindi Braille | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | India Fiji | |
| Regulated by | Central Hindi Directorate (India)[5] | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 | hi | |
| ISO 639-2 | hin | |
| ISO 639-3 | hin | |
| Linguist List | hin-hin | |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAF-qf | |
|
Template:Infobox language/Indo-Aryan | ||
| Part of a series on | |
|---|---|
| |
| Constitutionally recognised languages of India | |
| Category | |
| Scheduled Languages | |
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A
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| Related | |
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Official languages of India
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Hindi is widely written, spoken and understood in North India and some other places in India. In 1997, a survey found that 45% of Indians can speak Hindi. It has taken words from the Dravidian languages of South India, as well as the Arabic, Persian, Chagatai, English and Portuguese languages.
Hindi and Urdu were considered the same language but have evolved into separate dialects. However, to this day, both languages are mutually intelligible, meaning their speakers can understand each other without knowing the other language. Urdu, however, is written in the completely different Arabic alphabet.
Hindi developed from Sanskrit, the ancient Indo-Aryan language of India. Hindi started to develop in the 7th century as "Apabhramsha" and became stable by the 10th century. Some famous Hindi poets are Tulsidas and Kabir.
Dialects of Hindi include: Moradabadi, Dehalvi, Hyderabadi, Sansi, Malyam, Malyani, Bambaiya, South Hindi, Dimasi, Arunachali, Port Blair, Deccani, Bihari, Lakhnavi, Larya, Ghera, Bhaya, and Kabuli Hindi.
Hindi is also spoken with regional accents like Haryanvi and Rajasthani. Bombay Hindi is spreading because Bollywood films use it.
Hindi Diwas is an annual celebration on 14th September. It commemorates the law of 1949 that made Hindi the legal language of the Republic.
Gallery
Basic fact table of Hindi
Brahmi script - Hindi Language
Speaking in Hindi
References
- ↑ "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 29 June 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hindi at Ethnologue.
- ↑ "BBC: A Guide to Urdu". Archived from the original on 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
- ↑ Hindustani (2005). Keith Brown (ed.). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2 ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4.
- ↑ Central Hindi Directorate regulates the use of Devanagari script and Hindi spelling in India. Source: Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction Archived 2010-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Dwyer, Rachel. "Hindi/Hindustani". Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies, edited by Gita Dharampal-Frick, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach and Jahnavi Phalkey, New York, USA: New York University Press, 2016, pp. 102-103. https://doi.org/10.18574/9781479826834-041
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This language has its own Wikipedia project. See the Hindi edition. |