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Kaja Kallas

Kaja Kallas (born 18 June 1977) is an Estonian politician and lawyer. She is the Prime Minister of Estonia since 26 January 2021. She is the first woman to be Prime Minister of Estonia.[1] She has been the leader of the Reform Party since 2018. She has been a Member of the Riigikogu from 2011 to 2014 and since 2019. Kallas was a Member of the European Parliament from 2014 to 2018. Before entering politics, Kallas was a lawyer that focused on European Union law.

Kaja Kallas
Kaja Kallas (crop).jpg
Kallas in 2021
19th Prime Minister of Estonia
Assumed office
26 January 2021
President
Preceded byJüri Ratas
Leader of the Reform Party
Assumed office
14 April 2018
Preceded byHanno Pevkur
Member of the Riigikogu
In office
3 March 2019 – 26 January 2021
ConstituencyHarju–Rapla
In office
6 March 2011 – 1 July 2014
ConstituencyHarju–Rapla
Member of the European Parliament
for Estonia
In office
1 July 2014 – 5 September 2018
Personal details
Born (1977-06-18) 18 June 1977 (age 47)
Tallinn, Estonia
Political partyReform Party
Spouse(s)
  • Roomet Leiger
    (m. 2002; div. 2006)
  • Arvo Hallik (m. 2018)
Domestic partnerTaavi Veskimägi (until 2014)
Children1
RelativesSiim Kallas (Father)
EducationUniversity of Tartu (BA)
Estonian Business School (MBA)
WebsiteOfficial website

During her time in the European Parliament, Kallas became popular for her knowledge of technology and business policies. She worked on the Digital Single Market strategy and consumer protection policies. At the end of her term, she was called by Politico as one of the 40 most influential MEPs, and one of the most powerful women in Brussels.[2]

Kallas became prime minister in 2021 following Jüri Ratas' resignation after a corruption scandal, leading her to create a Reform-led coalition government with the Centre Party. Her father was former Prime Minister Siim Kallas.

During her time as prime minister, Kallas became well known for her support of Ukraine during the Russian invasion of the country in 2022.[3] Her support of Ukraine led the New Statesman to call her "Europe's New Iron Lady".[4] Kallas helped delivered more military equipment to Ukraine in terms of GDP per capita than any other country in the world.[5] A critic of Russia, she supports Ukraine's right to defend itself while asking other countries to help out.[6]

In July 2022, her second government was sworn-in, which was a three-party coalition by the Reform Party, Social Democratic Party, and Isamaa.[7] In March 2023, Kallas led the Reform Party to victory in the 2023 parliamentary election, increasing the party's seat count in the Riigikogu by three seats. After the election result, Kallas created a coalition government with Estonia 200 and the Social Democratic Party.

Kallas has been seen as a potential replacement for Jens Stoltenberg as Secretary General of NATO, a role she has expressed interest in.[8]

Early life

Kallas was born in Tallinn on 18 June 1977. Her father Siim Kallas is a former Prime Minister of Estonia.[1] When her mother, Krisit, was six months old, she was deported from the Soviet Union during its occupation of the Baltic states in 1940.[9]

Kallas graduated from the University of Tartu in 1999 with a bachelor's degree in law. She lived in France and Finland for a short while so that she could study European law.[10] From 2007, she went to the Estonian Business School where she earned an Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) in 2010.[11][12]

Professional career

Kallas became a member of the Estonian Bar Association in 1999, and an attorney-at-law in 2002.[13] Sge became a partner in law firm Luiga Mody Hääl Borenius and Tark & Co, and worked at the Estonian Business School.[13] She is also a member of the European Antitrust Alliance.[13] In 2011, she was no longer an active member of the Estonian Bar Association.[13]

In November 2018, Kallas wrote her memoir MEP: 4 aastat Euroopa Parlamendis (MEP: Four Years in the European Parliament), in which she wrote about her life and work in Brussels from 2014 to 2018.[14]

Political career

 
Kallas as a MEP in April 2015

National politics

In 2010, Kallas joined the Estonian Reform Party.[13] In the 2011 parliamentary elections, she won a seat in the Riigikogu.[13] She was a member of the 12th Parliament of Estonia and chaired the Economic Affairs Committee from 2011 to 2014.[13]

Returning to national politics, on 13 December 2017, the Reform Party leader Hanno Pevkur announced that he would no longer run for the party leadership in January 2018, and wanted Kallas to replace him.[15] Kallas announced on 15 December 2017 that she would run in the leadership election.[16] Kallas won the leadership election held on 14 April 2018 and became the first female leader of a major political party in Estonia.[17]

In the 2019 Estonian parliamentary election on 3 March, the Reform Party led by Kallas won about 29% of the vote, with the Estonian Centre Party taking 23%.[18] The Centre Party were able to form a second cabinet in Jüri Ratas' government.[19] On 14 November 2020, Kallas was re-elected as leader of the Reform Party at a Reform Party Assembly.[20]

European politics

 
Kallas in October 2018

In 2014, Kallas was elected to the European Parliament, winning 21,498 votes.[13] In the European Parliament, Kallas was on several committees that focused on businesses, energy and consumer protection.[21] She was a vice-chair of the Delegation to the EU–Ukraine Parliamentary Cooperation Committee as well as a member of the Delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly and Delegation for relations with the United States.[21] Kallas was a member of the European Parliament (MEP) Intergroup on the Digital Agenda,[22] and was also a vice-chair of the Youth Intergroup.[23]

During her time in Parliament, Kallas worked on the Digital Single Market strategy, energy, and consumer policies, and relations with Ukraine.[21] She defended the rights of small businesses, and defended digital companies.[21] She is a supporter of the idea that regulations cannot slow down the technological revolution.[21]

Kallas was in charge of six reports: opinion on the ePrivacy Regulation,[24] civil law rules on robotics,[25] on the Annual report on EU Competition Policy,[26] and on Delivering a New Deal for Energy Consumers,[27] legislation on Custom infringements and sanctions,[28] and the report on the Digital Single Market.[29]

During her time in Parliament, she was also nominated as a European Young Leader (EYL40).[30] At the end of her term, she was called by Politico as one of the 40 most influential MEPs, and one of the most powerful women in Brussels for her understanding of technological issues.[2][31][32]

Prime Minister of Estonia

 
Kallas with Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin in October 2021

On 25 January 2021, after the resignation of Jüri Ratas as prime minister after a corruption scandal, Kallas's first cabinet, a Reform-led coalition government with the Centre Party, was formed.[33] In doing so, she became the first female prime minister in Estonia's history.[34]

After her resignation on 14 July 2022, Kallas' second cabinet was sworn in on 18 July.[35][36] The new government was a three-party coalition by the Reform Party, Social Democratic Party, and Isamaa.[7] Her last government had lost its parliamentary majority after the Centre Party left the coalition.[7]

In March 2023, Kallas led the Reform Party to victory in the 2023 parliamentary election, increasing the party's seat count in the Riigikogu by three seats.[37][38][39] After the election result, Kallas created a coalition government with Estonia 200 and the Social Democratic Party.[40] Her third cabinet was sworn in on 17 April.[41][42][43]

Domestic policies

While her time as prime minister, the 2021–2023 global energy crisis had an impact on the Estonian economy.[44] Businesses were forced to temporarily shut down, while the public asked the government to help pay for the high electricity and heating prices.[44] Kallas, at first, did not want the government to help out, saying that the government should search for better solutions instead of handing out government benefits.[45] The energy crisis nearly ended the coalition government.[46] Kallas said in a speech that the high cost of natural gas and the effects of the Russia-Ukraine crisis was causing the increase in energy prices.[47] She said that the green energy measures Estonia created limited what the government could do to handle the crisis.[47] In January 2022, Kallas announced a 245 million euro plan to lower the cost of energy from September 2021 to March 2022.[47] The energy crisis had made her unpopular.[48]

In June 2023, the government passed a bill legalising same-sex marriage and same-sex adoption in Estonia.[49] The bill will come into effect on 1 January 2024, making Estonia the first Baltic state and country formerly occupied by the Soviet Union to legalise same-sex marriage and adoption.[50][51]

Foreign policies

 
Kallas with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in May 2021

During the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis, Kallas said that the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline was "a geopolitical project not an economic one" and wanted the pipeline project to end.[52] She also said that Europe's use of Russian natural gas was a large political problem.[52]

In January 2022, Kallas said that Estonia would donate howitzers to Ukraine to help them defend themselves during a Russian invasion.[53] However, since the howitzers were made in Germany, Kallas needed to wait for their approval first.[54] When Germany took awhile to respond, Estonia sent American-made Javelin anti-tank missiles instead in the first weeks of February 2022.[55] After Russia's recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics, Kallas wanted the European Union to sanction Russia.[56] Kallas' leadership was praised during the Russia-Ukraine crisis.[57] Her approval rating were high, making her Estonia's most popular politician.[58]

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine started on 24 February, Estonia along with other allies pushed for NATO to start Article 4.[59] Kallas promised to support Ukraine with political and weaponry support.[60] By April 2022, 0.8% of Estonia's GDP in military equipment had been given to Ukraine.[4] Her support of Ukraine led the New Statesman to call her "Europe's New Iron Lady".[4] She also strongly supported the idea of Ukraine being added to the European Union.[3] In April 2022, she warned against "peace at any price" with Russia.[6]

 
Kallas speaking before the European Parliament in March 2022

As prime minister, Kallas delivered more military equipment to Ukraine in terms of GDP per capita than any other country in the world.[5] In September 2022, she made it harder for Russian tourists to travel to Estonia.[61] In February 2023, Kallas was mentioned as a possible candidate to replace NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg.[62] She rejected any peace agreement that would give any part of Ukrainian territory to Russia.[63]

Kallas condemned Hamas' actions during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and showed her support to Israel and its right to self-defence, however said that Israel "must do so in a way that spares innocent lives and adheres to the norms of international law".[64] She said the problems in the Middle East was a distraction to the "free world" from supporting Ukraine.[64]

Stark Logistics and Metaprint scandal

In August 2023, the media reported that Kallas's husband, Arvo Hallik, had a 24.9% share in the transportation company Stark Logistics, which had continued to work in Russia following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[65] This was controversial because Kallas wanted Estonian companies to stop working with Russia.[66][67][68][69][70] The company had generated earned €1.5 million in revenue from its business in Russia since the beginning of the invasion.[71]

 
Kallas with NATO leaders in July 2023

Kallas said that her husband did have a share in the company, but said they did nothing wrong said her husband was helping an Estonian client, later discovered to be Metaprint, to end its business deals in Russia.[72] Stark Logistics supported Kallas's claim that the company's dealings in Russia were to help an Estonian client end their production in the country.[73][74] It was later reported that Metaprint sold €17 million worth of goods to Russia between the start of the invasion in February 2022 and November 2022.[75][76][77]

President of Estonia Alar Karis said that he was worried that Estonia's credibility was ruined and that its allies would have a hard time trusting them.[78][79] Two opinion polls showed that a majority of people believed that Kallas should resign due to the scandal.[80][71] Kallas continued to refuse to resign in September 2023, calling the controversy a "witch-hunt" by political opponents.[81]

Personal life

Kallas was married to Roomet Leiger from 2002 to 2006.[82] Until 2014, she lived together with former Estonian politician and businessman Taavi Veskimägi.[83] Kallas and Veskimägi have one son.[83] In 2018, she married Arvo Hallik, a banker and investor. Hallik has two children from a another relationship.[84]

Apart from her native Estonian, Kallas is fluent in English, Russian and French.[85]

Kaja Kallas Media

  • Kallas met with then Finnish prime minister Sanna Marin in Helsinki, 2021.

  • Kallas met with U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken in Tallinn, 2022.

  • Kallas met with Macedonian Prime Minister Dimitar Kovačevski in Vilnius, 2023.

  • ROU_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_1999_GCross_BAR

  • Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 1st 2nd and 3rd Class of Ukraine

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dobush, Grace (4 March 2019). "Digital Savvy Estonia Is Set to Get Its First Female Prime Minister". Fortune. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hankewitz, Sten (14 April 2019). "Politico lists Estonia's Kaja Kallas as one of the most influential MEPs". Estonian World. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mc Mahon, Meabh (9 March 2022). "The EU has a 'moral duty' to make Ukraine a member state: Estonia PM". Euronews. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cliffe, Jeremy (11 May 2022). "Europe's new Iron Lady: Estonian prime minister Kaja Kallas". New Statesman. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Crisp, James (8 October 2022). "Europe's new 'Iron Lady' Kaja Kallas says the West mustn't negotiate with Putin" (in en-GB). The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235 . https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/10/08/europes-new-iron-lady-kaja-kallas-says-west-mustnt-negotiate/. Retrieved 9 October 2022. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Interview: Estonia PM warns against "peace at any price" with Putin". Axios. 6 April 2022. https://www.axios.com/2022/04/06/estonia-prime-minister-warns-against-putin-deal. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. Estonia: New cabinet sworn into office | DW | 18 July 2022. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/estonia-new-cabinet-sworn-into-office/a-62514862. 
  8. ↑ Bazail-Eimil, Eric (2023-11-14). "Estonian PM Kaja Kallas open to being next NATO chief". POLITICO. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
  9. ↑ Even further from Russia: what is known about the new head of the Estonian government, Europeeska Pravda, 26 January 2021
  10. ↑ Tambur, Silver (21 May 2014). "Estonian candidates for the European Parliament: Kaja Kallas (Reform Party)". Estonian World. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  11. ↑ "Kaja Kallas". Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  12. ↑ Deloy, Corinne (3 March 2019). "Victory for the centre-right opposition (ER) in the general elections in Estonia" (PDF). The Foundation Robert Schuman. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 "Biography". Kaja Kallase. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016.
  14. ↑ MEP. 4 aastat Euroopa Parlamendis (in eesti). Goodreads. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  15. ↑ "Pevkur not to run for Reform lead again, Kallas not announcing yet". ERR. 13 December 2017. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  16. ↑ "Kaja Kallas to run for Reform Party chair". ERR. 15 December 2017. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  17. ↑ "Estonia's struggling Reform Party picks first female leader". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  18. ↑ Estonia general election: Opposition party beats Centre rivals. BBC News. 5 March 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47430993. Retrieved 4 March 2019. 
  19. ↑ Virki, Tarmo (6 April 2019). "Three Estonian parties, including far-right EKRE, agree on coalition plan". Reuters. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  20. ↑ "Kaja Kallas re-elected leader of Reform Party in Estonia". Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 "8th parliamentary term, European Parliament". European Parliament. 18 June 1977. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  22. ↑ "Members – DAI". digitalagendaintergroup.eu. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016.
  23. ↑ "European Youth Forum". youthforum.org. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  24. ↑ Kallas, Kaja (4 October 2017). "Opinion on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the respect for private life and the protection of personal data in electronic communications and repealing Directive 2002/58/EC (Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications)". For the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  25. ↑ "Procedure File: 2015/2103 (INL); Legislative Observatory; European Parliament". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  26. ↑ "Procedure File: 2014/2158 (INI); Legislative Observatory; European Parliament". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  27. ↑ "Opinion of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energyon Delivering a New Deal for Energy Consumers". European Parliament. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016.
  28. ↑ "Procedure File: 2013/0432 (COD); Legislative Observatory; European Parliament". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  29. ↑ "Procedure File: 2015/2147 (INI); Legislative Observatory; European Parliament". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  30. ↑ "European Young Leaders (EYL40) programme – Call for Nominations for the Class of 2018". Erasmus Mundus Association. 13 June 2017. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  31. ↑ Hankewitz, Sten (10 November 2017). "Estonian MEP Kaja Kallas named as one of the most powerful women in Brussels". Estonian World. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  32. ↑ "Estland bekommt erstmals eine Regierungschefin". Tagesschau (in Deutsch). 25 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  33. ↑ Kaja Kallas to become Estonia's first female prime minister. Euronews. 24 January 2021. https://www.euronews.com/2021/01/24/estonia-politics-kaja-kallas-to-become-baltic-nation-s-first-female-prime-minister. Retrieved 25 January 2021. 
  34. ↑ Hankewitz, Sten (26 January 2021). "Estonia becomes the only country in the world led by women". Estonian World. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  35. ↑ Preussen, Wilhelmine (14 July 2022). "Estonian prime minister resigns, prepares to form new government". Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/estonian-prime-minister-handed-resignation-form-government/. 
  36. ↑ Estonia: New cabinet sworn into office. Deutsche Welle. 18 July 2022. https://dw.com/en/estonia-new-cabinet-sworn-into-office/a-62514862. 
  37. ↑ "Reform takes comfortable lead after e-votes counted". Eesti Rahvusringhääling. 5 March 2023. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  38. ↑ Tanner, Jari (5 March 2023). "PM Kaja Kallas' Reform Party set to win in Estonia vote". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  39. ↑ "Valimised 2023" (in et). Eesti Rahvusringhääling. https://www.err.ee/k/rk-valimised-2023. Retrieved 6 March 2023. 
  40. ↑ "Reform, Eesti 200 and SDE sign coalition agreement". Eesti Rahvusringhääling. 2023-04-10. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  41. ↑ "New coalition aims to sign agreement on April 10". Eesti Rahvusringhääling. 2023-03-27. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  42. ↑ Ots, Mait (2023-03-28). "New government to take office likely in the second half of April". Eesti Rahvusringhääling. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  43. ↑ ERR (2023-04-17). "Reformierakonna, Eesti 200 ja Sotsiaaldemokraatide valitsus astus ametisse". ERR (in eesti). Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Vaino, Robert (14 December 2021). "Entrepreneurs waiting for quick aid, long-term decisions in energy crisis". ERR.ee. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  45. ↑ Kallaste, Kristjan (6 January 2022). Kallas: Energy market should operate without us needing to help people. https://news.err.ee/1608457301/kallas-energy-market-should-operate-without-us-needing-to-help-people. Retrieved 1 February 2022. 
  46. ↑ Vaino, Roberta (24 January 2022). Feature: What does the future hold for Estonia's coalition?. https://news.err.ee/1608475997/feature-what-does-the-future-hold-for-estonia-s-coalition. Retrieved 1 February 2022. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 "Prime Minister Kaja Kallas made a political statement before the Riigikogu in connection with the situation on the electricity market". Riigikogu. 18 January 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  48. ↑ Wright, Helen (26 January 2022). Support falling for Kaja Kallas as prime minister. https://news.err.ee/1608478520/support-falling-for-kaja-kallas-as-prime-minister. Retrieved 1 February 2022. 
  49. ↑ "Estonian government approves draft same-sex marriage act". ERR News. 2023-05-15. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  50. ↑ "Hääletustulemused 22.05.2023 / 23:42". Riigikogu (in eesti). Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  51. ↑ "Ajalooline otsus: Eesti seadustas samasooliste abielu". ERR News (in eesti). 2023-06-20. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "'Putin only understands strength': Estonian PM on Ukraine tensions". The Guardian. 28 January 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  53. ↑ Wintour, Patrick (28 January 2022). "'Putin only understands strength': Estonian PM on Ukraine tensions". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  54. ↑ Transcript: World Stage: Crisis in Ukraine with Estonia Prime Minister Kaja Kallas. 1 February 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/washington-post-live/2022/02/01/transcript-world-stage-crisis-ukraine-with-estonia-prime-minister-kaja-kallas/. Retrieved 1 February 2022. 
  55. ↑ Whyte, Andrew (18 February 2022). First batch of Estonia-donated Javelin missiles arrive in Ukraine. https://news.err.ee/1608505415/first-batch-of-estonia-donated-javelin-missiles-arrive-in-ukraine. Retrieved 22 February 2022. 
  56. ↑ Wright, Helen (22 February 2022). Kallas: Recognition of Ukraine's breakaway republics a 'serious escalation'. https://news.err.ee/1608507656/kallas-recognition-of-ukraine-s-breakaway-republics-a-serious-escalation. Retrieved 22 February 2022. 
  57. ↑ Whyte, Andrew (22 February 2022). Samost ja Aaspõllu: Kallas has steered successful course in crisis so far. https://news.err.ee/1608507089/samost-ja-aaspollu-kallas-has-steered-successful-course-in-crisis-so-far. Retrieved 22 February 2022. 
  58. ↑ Mäekivi, Mirjam; Turovski, Marcus (8 December 2022). PM survey: Kallas still most popular, Ratas gaining. https://news.err.ee/1608813628/pm-survey-kallas-still-most-popular-ratas-gaining. Retrieved 29 December 2022. 
  59. ↑ Wright, Helen (23 February 2022). Estonia, allies to trigger NATO Article 4. https://news.err.ee/1608510812/estonia-allies-to-trigger-nato-article-4. Retrieved 24 February 2022. 
  60. ↑ Wright, Helen (24 February 2022). Estonian prime minister: Everything we were afraid of has come true. https://news.err.ee/1608511031/estonian-prime-minister-everything-we-were-afraid-of-has-come-true. Retrieved 24 February 2022. 
  61. ↑ Olsen, Jan M. (8 September 2022). "4 nations bordering Russia to restrict Russian tourists". AP News. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  62. ↑ Vohra, Anchal (13 February 2023). "The Race Is on to Be NATO'S Next Chief". Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/02/13/the-race-is-on-to-be-natos-next-chief/. Retrieved 15 February 2023. 
  63. ↑ "Estonian leader: Russia must be held accountable after war". CP24. 19 February 2023. https://www.cp24.com/world/estonian-leader-russia-must-be-held-accountable-after-war-1.6280215?cache=yes%3Fclipid%3D104062. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 "Estonia to send humanitarian, medical aid to Israel and Palestine". Eesti Rahvusringhääling. 2 November 2023. https://news.err.ee/1609152586/estonia-to-send-humanitarian-medical-aid-to-israel-and-palestine. 
  65. ↑ Milne, Richard (24 August 2023). Financial Times: Estonian PM Kaja Kallas urged to clarify husband's Russian business ties. https://www.ft.com/content/821a1f35-a6d0-4a8b-9928-1d325376988c. Retrieved 25 August 2023. 
  66. ↑ "Turmoil hits Estonian Prime Minister Kallas over husband's Russia ties". Euronews. 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  67. ↑ "Company part-owned by Estonian PM's husband continues deliveries to Russia". ERR. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  68. ↑ "Kaja Kallas faces more heat amid probe of husband's Russia business ties". Politico. 28 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  69. ↑ Musaddique, Shafi (28 August 2023). "Estonia PM under pressure over husband's alleged Russia business links". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/28/estonia-pm-under-pressure-husband-russian-alleged-business-links-kaja-kallas. Retrieved 28 August 2023. 
  70. ↑ "EPL: Metaprint on sõja ajal müünud Venemaale 17 miljoni dollari eest kaupa". Eesti Päevaleht. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Sytas, Andrius (25 August 2023). "Estonia PM Kallas under pressure to quit over husband's Russia ties". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/estonia-pm-kallas-under-pressure-quit-over-husbands-russia-ties-2023-08-25/. Retrieved 25 August 2023. 
  72. ↑ ERR, ERR News, ERR | (2023-08-25). "Postimees and EPL: Kaja Kallas, resign". ERR. Retrieved 2023-08-25.
  73. ↑ Estonia Leader Has 'Nothing to Hide' on Spouse's Russia Activity. 24 August 2023. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-24/estonia-leader-has-nothing-to-hide-on-spouse-s-russia-activity#xj4y7vzkg. Retrieved 25 August 2023. 
  74. ↑ "Company part-owned by Estonian PM's husband continues deliveries to Russia". ERR. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  75. ↑ Musaddique, Shafi (28 August 2023). "Estonia PM under pressure over husband's alleged Russia business links". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/28/estonia-pm-under-pressure-husband-russian-alleged-business-links-kaja-kallas. Retrieved 28 August 2023. 
  76. ↑ "EPL: Metaprint on sõja ajal müünud Venemaale 17 miljoni dollari eest kaupa". Eesti Päevaleht. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  77. ↑ "Gallery: Estonian PM Kaja Kallas' visit to AS Metaprint in January 2022". Eesti Päevaleht. 28 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  78. ↑ Estonie : la première ministre, Kaja Kallas, déstabilisée par les liens de son mari avec la Russie. Le Monde. 29 August 2023. https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2023/08/29/estonie-la-premiere-ministre-kaja-kallas-destabilisee-par-les-liens-de-son-mari-avec-la-russie_6186900_3210.html. Retrieved 29 August 2023. 
  79. ↑ "President Karis on PM Kallas' scandal: Doing business with Russia calls Estonia's credibility into question". Estonian World. 28 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  80. ↑ "Estonia's pro-Ukrainian PM faces pressure to quit over husband's indirect Russian business links". ABC News. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  81. ↑ Musaddique, Shafi (2023-09-13). "'Witch-hunt': Estonian prime minister defends husband's Russian business links" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/13/estonia-prime-minister-husband-russian-business-links. Retrieved 2023-09-13. 
  82. ↑ "Kaua hoitud saladus: Kaja Kallas on kihlatud investeerimispankuriga". Elu24 (in eesti). 10 January 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 "EESTI EKSPRESSI SUUR LUGU | Kaja Kallast ootab ees jaht peaministri kohale, võlgades Reformierakonna päästmine ja abiellumine". Eesti Ekspress. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  84. ↑ "Kaja Kallas". valitsus.ee. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  85. ↑ "Kõne üritusel "La Journée de la Femme Digitale"". Kaja Kallas. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2022.

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