KidzSearch Wiki

Kangleipak Kingdom

(Redirected from Kangleipak kingdom)
For the modern Indian state, see Manipur. For the ancient kingdom mentioned in Mahabharata, see Manipura (Mahabharata).

Kangleipak Kingdom, shortly Kangleipak, also later known as Manipur Kingdom, Manipur or Meckley, was a kingdom of Antique Kangleipak (early Manipur). It later became a princely state of British India after the Anglo-Manipur War in the very late 19th century. [1] Kangleipak was a kingdom ruled by the prominent Ningthouja dynasty.[2] It became a protectorate of the British East India Company from 1834, and a princely state of the British Raj in 1891. Its capital was Imphal. By the 20th-century, after it became a princely state, the land area was 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq. mile).[3]

Kangleipak
Meckley
Meitei: ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ
Type of subdivision of (the) Former Country
1110 CE–1949 CE
Flag Coat of arms
Flag of Manipur Coat of arms
Location of Meckley
Manipur State in the Hicky's Bengal Gazette of 1907
Capital city Kangla (historically)
Imphal (from late 19th century)
Government Monarchy
History
 -  Established 1110 CE
 -  Disestablished 1949 CE
Today part of Flag of India.svg India
Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar

History

Foundation

The kingdom was founded in 1110 CE by King Loiyumba of the Ningthouja dynasty.[4] The dynasty dates back to 33 CE, began with Nongda Lairen Pakhangba, the first recorded king of Manipur.[5] The Ningthouja dynasty is of great importance in Manipur's history and to the origins of centralized kingship and royal chronicle of the kings of Manipur.[6][7]

After some expansions in power and authority, slowly absorbing other important clans even though they were allowed to have independent identity.[8][9] During the reign of King Loiyumba in the 11th-12th century, the Ningthouja dynasty formalized the process of kingship through the Loiyumba Silyel (the earliest known written constitution of Manipur), the Kingdom of Manipur was founded.[10][11]

Loiyumba consolidated the kingdom by bringing together most of the principalities in the surrounding hills.[12] After conquering all the villages in their valley, the Manipur kings grew stronger and began to expand beyond their territory. In 1443 CE, King Ningthoukhomba raided Akla, which is present-day Tamu in Myanmar. This area was ruled by the Shan people, and the raid started Manipuri claims to the nearby Kabaw Valley.[12] The raiding of Kabaw Valley was further expanded by King Senbi Kiyamba. He took the name Kiyamba meaning "Conqueror of Kyang", after conquering the Shan kingdom in the Kabaw Valley in alliance with King Choupha Khe Khomba of Pong in 1470 CE.[13][14] The height of Kangleipak occurred under King Khagemba from 1597 CE to 1652 CE. Khagemba's brother, Prince Sanongba, was unhappy with Khagemba's leadership, so he fled to the Taraf and formed an alliance with local Bengali Muslim leaders. With a group of Bengali Muslim soldiers led by Muhammad Sani, Sanongba attempted to invade Manipur. However, the soldiers were captured and forced to work as laborers in Manipur. These soldiers married local Meitei women and learned the Meitei language. They brought the hookah to Manipur and established the Meitei Pangals, the Manipuri Muslim community.[15] It is said that Manipur learned how to make gunpowder from Chinese merchants who visited the state around 1630 and began producing rockets called Meikappi by the early 18th century.[16]

The kingdom bordered Ahom Kingdom in the west, and the Burmese kingdom in the east.[17][18] It was also invaded and ruled over by Burmese kingdom at various point of time.

The kingdom was at its greatest extend during the reign of King Gharib Nawaz in the 18th-century.[19][20] In 1714 CE, Pamheiba announced Vaishnavism as the state religion of Manipur with the initiation by Santidas Gosai, a Bengali Hindu from Sylhet. He also replaced the Meitei script with the Bengali script, destroying and burning many documents of Meitei language written in Meitei script. After that, he changed his name to "Gharib Nawaz". In 1724 CE, he changed the name of the state from Kangleipak to Manipur after the Manipur of the Mahabharata. Gharib Nawaz made several invasions of the Burmese kingdom but made no conquests. After the death of Gharib Nawaz in 1751 CE, Manipur was under the Burmese kingdom. Bhagyachandra sought help from the British but, did not receive the help. After that, Bhagyachandra asked for help from the Ahom king Rajeshwar Singha who sent a force of 40,000 under Haranath Senapati Phukan to free Manipur.

After the Seven Years Devastation of Manipur and Assam by the Burmese, the British The kingdom became a dominion under the British East India Company in 1824 primarily due to the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826) and the following British involvement in the region,[21][22] and became a princely state of the British Raj in 1891 after the Anglo-Manipur War.[23][24] Maharaj Churachand became the king in the late 19th-century.[25][26] The princely state bordered the Assam Province in the west and British Burma in the east, and in the 20th century covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) and contained 467 villages.

Kangleipak Kingdom Media

References

  1. ↑ Parratt, Saroj Nalini. The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: 33-1763 CE (in en) (2005)Routledge. p. 14,174. ISBN 978-0-415-34430-2.
  2. ↑ KanglaOnline. Feudalism in Pre-Colonial Manipur – KanglaOnline (in en-US) (2010-11-15). Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  3. ↑ State Profile – ManipurGovernment of Manipur. Retrieved 7 July 2025.
  4. ↑ KanglaOnline. Feudalism in Pre-Colonial Manipur – KanglaOnline (in en-US) (2010-11-15). Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  5. ↑ Kabui, Gangmumei. History of Manipur (1991). New Delhi: National Publishing House. p. 75. ISBN 81-214-0362-6.
  6. ↑ Sarabjit, Naorem. Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century: King Gharib Nawaz and Religious Legitimacy. Religions 12 (12) (2021). p. 1041. doi:10.3390/rel12121041.
  7. ↑ Parratt, Saroj Nalini. The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: 33-1763 CE (in en) (2005)Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-34430-2.
  8. ↑ Kabui, Gangmumei. History of Manipur (1991). New Delhi: National Publishing House. p. 67–94. ISBN 81-214-0362-6.
  9. ↑ Hareshwar Goshwami. Hareshwar Goshwami History Of The PEOPLE OF MANIPUR.
  10. ↑ KSHETRIMAYUM, JOGENDRO. Shooting the Sun: A Study of Death and Protest in Manipur. Economic and Political Weekly 44 (40) (2009). p. 48–54.
  11. ↑ K, Manikchand. The Evolution of Meetei State. http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.The_Evolution_of_The_Meetei_State_By_K_Manikchand. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Phanjoubam Tarapot, Bleeding Manipur, Har Anand Publications (30 July 2007) ISBN 978-8124109021
  13. ↑ Phanjoubam Tarapot. Bleeding Manipur (2007). New Delhi: Har Anand Publications. p. 100. ISBN 9788124109021.
  14. ↑ G.G. Mirchandani. Reporting India (1973). New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. p. 170. ISBN 9780883865910.
  15. ↑ Nath, Rajmohan. The back-ground of Assamese culture (1948)A. K. Nath. p. 90.
  16. ↑ Laichen 2003, pp. 505-506.
  17. ↑ Panorama, Eastern. Blurred Lines (in en-gb). Eastern Panorama. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  18. ↑ RAJKUMAR, MAHESHSANA. A Historical Account of Kabaw Valley » Imphal Review of Arts and Politics (in en-GB). imphalreviews.in (2024-12-14). Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  19. ↑ Singh, Dr Irengbam Mohendra. THE GREAT MEITEI NATION – PART 1 – KanglaOnline (in en-US) (2011-03-29). Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  20. ↑ Kanisetti, Anirudh. Manipur's imperial moment—When King Gharib Nawaz spread Hinduism, conquered Burma (in en-US). ThePrint (2023-06-08). Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  21. ↑ A review of political status of Manipur 1826 1891. e-pao.net. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  22. ↑ Phanjoubam, Pradip. Mutant legacy of a British-era law in Manipur (in en). The New Indian Express (2022-06-21). Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  23. ↑ Emergence of Manipur in historical perspective Part 1 By Gangmumei Kamei. e-pao.net. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  24. ↑  Manipur 17 (1911)Cambridge University Press. p. 582.
  25. ↑ Kangla The ancient Capital of Manipur. e-pao.net. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  26. ↑ manipur channel >>History of Manipur ~ E-Pao! News About Manipur. e-pao.net. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.kidzsearch.com/w/index.php?title=Kangleipak_Kingdom&oldid=6869381"