Left-wing fascism
Left-wing fascism (or left fascism)[1] is when left-wing politics emulate and practice the traditional ideology of standardised fascism on the far-left side of the political spectrum. Fascism has traditionally been identified as being part of far-right politics.[2][3] The existence of left-wing fascism was discussed shortly after World War II where many Social-Nationalist groups across Europe were identified as having left-wing ideals, some in direct opposition to right-wing groups. Left-wing fascism has been long discussed academically and written about by researchers like Jürgen Habermas, Irving Louis Horowitz, and Victor Klemperer.
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Left-wing Fascism Media
Benito Mussolini (left) and Adolf Hitler (right), the leaders of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, respectively
Pro-government demonstration in Salamanca, Francoist Spain, in 1937. Francisco Franco was later labeled by some commentators the "last surviving fascist dictator".
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Italian modernist author of the Futurist Manifesto (1909) and later the co-author of the Fascist Manifesto (1919)
Benito Mussolini (here in 1917 as a soldier in World War I), who in 1914 founded and led the Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria to promote the Italian intervention in the war as a revolutionary nationalist action to liberate Italian-claimed lands from Austria-Hungary
German soldiers parading through Lübeck in the days leading up to World War I. Johann Plenge's concept of the "Spirit of 1914" identified the outbreak of war as a moment that forged nationalistic German solidarity.
Members of Italy's Arditi corps (here in 1918 holding daggers, a symbol of their group), which was formed in 1917 as groups of soldiers trained for dangerous missions, characterized by refusal to surrender and willingness to fight to the death. Their black uniforms inspired those of the Italian Fascist movement.
Benito Mussolini with three of the four quadrumvirs during the March on Rome (from left to right: unknown, de Bono, Mussolini, Balbo and de Vecchi)
Nazis in Munich during the Beer Hall Putsch
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References
- ↑ Winners and Losers: Social and Political Polarities in America By Irving Louis Horowitz Published by Duke University Press, 1984 ISBN 0822306026, 9780822306023 328 pages pp 219 et seq [1]
- ↑ Peter Davies; Derek Lynch (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Routledge. pp. 1–5.
- ↑ Roger Griffin. Fascism. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1995. pp. 8, 307.
Related pages
Other websites
- Coupland, Philip M. (2002). "'Left-Wing Fascism' in Theory and Practice: The Case of the British Union of Fascists". Twentieth Century British History (published 1 January 2002). 13 (1): 38–61. doi:10.1093/tcbh/13.1.38.
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