Malay language

Malay is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by Malay people in northeastern of Sumatra to the Riau Islands and its surroundings; which includes Singapore and Malay Peninsula, as well as the western and northernmost coast of Borneo (especially in Pontianak and Brunei).

Malay
Melayu ملايو
Native to	Malaysia Singapore Brunei Thailand Indonesia
Ethnicity	Malay
Native speakers	12 million  (2007)
Language family	Austronesian Sundic Nusantara Western Nusantara Sumatranic Malayic Malay
Early forms:	Old Malay Malay
Standard forms	Standard Malay
Writing system	Latin Arabic (Jawi) Thai (in Thailand) Pallava, Kawi, Rencong (in Indonesia)
Official status
Official language in	Malaysia Singapore Brunei ASEAN
Recognised minority language in	Indonesia Thailand
Regulated by	Majlis Bahasa Brunei–Indonesia–Malaysia (Brunei–Indonesia–Malaysia Language Council – MABBIM) (a trilateral joint-venture) Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language and Literature) Balai Bahasa Provinsi Riau (Riau Province Linguistuc Center) and Kantor Bahasa Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands Linguistic Center) Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language and Literature)
Language codes
ISO 639-2	ms
ISO 639-3	zsm – Standard Malay
Countries where Malay is official or recognized

Writing system

Main page: Malay alphabet

Malay is normally written with the Latin alphabet called Rumi. But there is also a modified Arabic alphabet that is called Jawi. Rumi is official in Malaysia and Singapore, and the Indonesian language has a different official orthography that uses also the Latin script. Rumi and Jawi are both official languages in Brunei. Efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve Jawi script and to revive its use amongst Malays in Malaysia, and students taking the Malay language examination in Malaysia have the option of answering questions using Jawi script. But the Latin alphabet is still the most commonly used script in Malaysia, both for official and informal purposes.

Historically, Malay has been written in various types of script. Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using Pallava, Kawi and Rencong script and are still in use today by the Champa Malay in Vietnam and Cambodia.

Malay Language Media

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  The Rencong alphabet, a native writing system found in central and South Sumatra. The text reads (Voorhoeve's spelling): "haku manangis ma / njaru ka'u ka'u di / saru tijada da / tang [hitu hadik sa]", which is translated by Voorhoeve as: "I am weeping, calling you; though called, you do not come" (hitu adik sa- is the rest of 4th line.

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  Kedukan Bukit Inscription, using Pallava alphabet, is the oldest surviving specimen of the Old Malay language in South Sumatra, Indonesia.

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  Final pages of the Taj al-Salatin, The Crown of Kings, a Malay "mirror for princes", copied by Muhammad bin Umar Syaikh Farid on 31 July 1824 CE in Penang in Jawi script. British Library

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  A Malay traffic sign in Malaysia.

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  Indonesian road signs in Jakarta, Indonesia. The blue sign reads "Lajur Khusus Menurunkan Penumpang" which means "Lane for dropping passengers only" and the small no-parking sign on the left reads "Sampai Rambu Berikutnya" which means "until next sign" in Indonesian

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  Jakartan Creole Malay (Betawi language)

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  The Alamat Langkapuri from British Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka). Initially published between 1869 and 1870 and written in Jawi script, it is noted to be among the first Malay-language newspaper. The readership consist of the Malay-diaspora in Ceylon as well as in the Malay archipelago.

• Indonesian speaker

• Malaysian speaker

• A young man speaks Kedah Malay