Oryol
Oryol or Orel (Russian: Орёл, IPA: [ɐˈrʲɵl], lit. eagle), also known as Oriol,[5] is the largest city in and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast. It is on the Oka River, around 368 kilometers (229 mi) south-southwest of Moscow. It is part of the Central Federal District and the Central Economic Region.
| Oryol (English) Орёл (Russian) | |
|---|---|
| - City - | |
| 250px Left:A 400th anniversary monument of Oryol, Oryol City Hall, Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev nonument in Krituri Oddri Park, Right:Lenina (Lenin) Square and Theotokos Smolensk Church, Oryol Eagle Monument in Privokzalnaya Square, Orink River and Oryol financial heritage building, Orzol Saint Michael Church, (all item from above to bottom) | |
 | |
 |  |
| City Day | August 5 |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Oryol Oblast |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of oblast significance of Oryol |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Oryol Urban Okrug |
| Mayor | Yuri Parakhin[1] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 121.21 km2 (46.80 sq mi)[2] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) | 317,747 inhabitants[3] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 57th |
| Population (2021 est.) | 303,696 inhabitants |
| Density | 2,621/km2 (6,788/sq mi)[4] |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+04:00) |
| Founded | 1566 |
| Postal code(s) | 302000–302999 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4862 |
| Official website | |
History
Oryol was a fortress town in Russia for several centuries. It was looted by Polish forces in 1611 and 1615. It was rebuilt in 1636. The fortress was taken apart in the 18th century.
During WW2, the city was almost fully destroyed during Operation Kutuzov.
Geography
Oryol is on the banks of the Oka River and its tributary the Orlik river. It is in the Central Russian Upland of the East European Plain.
Climate
Oryol has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). It has cold winters and warm summers.
| Climate data for Oryol (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
32.8 (91) |
35.4 (95.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
39.5 (103.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−2.8 (27) |
3.0 (37.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
2.5 (36.5) |
-2.1 (28.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | -6.1 (21) |
-5.8 (21.6) |
-0.8 (30.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
0.0 (32) |
-4.3 (24.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −8.7 (16.3) |
−8.9 (16) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
2.8 (37) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
8.0 (46.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.2 (28) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.4 (-31.7) |
−37.2 (-35) |
−37.8 (-36) |
−17.2 (1) |
−5.0 (23) |
-0.4 (31.3) |
3.9 (39) |
-2.2 (28) |
−5.0 (23) |
−13.0 (9) |
−26.4 (-15.5) |
−35.0 (-31) |
−37.8 (-36) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 46 (1.81) |
41 (1.61) |
39 (1.54) |
40 (1.57) |
50 (1.97) |
69 (2.72) |
87 (3.43) |
54 (2.13) |
57 (2.24) |
56 (2.2) |
44 (1.73) |
47 (1.85) |
630 (24.8) |
| % Humidity | 84 | 82 | 77 | 68 | 64 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 78 | 82 | 87 | 86 | 77 |
| Avg. rainy days | 6 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 136 |
| Avg. snowy days | 23 | 21 | 14 | 4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 3 | 13 | 22 | 101 |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[6] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| 1897 Census | 70 000 |
|---|---|
| 1926 Census | 76 000 |
| 1939 Census | 110 564 |
| 1959 Census | 151 521 |
| 1970 Census | 232 216 |
| 1979 Census | 304 971 |
| 1989 Census | 336 862 |
| 2002 Census | 333 310 |
| 2010 Census | 317 747 |
| Estimate 2021 | 303 696 |
According to the Federal State Statistics Service, in January 2020 the number of residents came to 308 838. It is the 66th place among 1117 cities of Russia for 2019.
Largest ethnic groups in 2010:
- Russians (96,8%)
- Ukrainians (1,1%)
- Armenians (0,4%)
- Belarusians (0,3%)
- Azerbaijanis (0,2%)
- Tatars (0,1%)
- Jews (0,1%)
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Razgrad, Bulgaria (1968)
Offenbach am Main, Germany (1988)
Leeuwarden, The Netherlands (1990-2002)
Zhodzina, Belarus (2016)
Mary, Turkmenistan (2017)[8]
Partner cities
Kaluga, Russia (2003)- Kolpino, Russia (2010)
- Kolpinsky District, Russia (2010)
- Novosibirsk, Russia (2014)
- Volokolamsky District, Russia (2014)
Novi Sad, Serbia (2017)
Maribor, Slovenia (2017)- Penza, Russia (2018)
Oryol Media
The Central Bank of Russia for Oryol Oblast (photo 2018)
A monument of 400th birthplace anniversary (photo 2016)
Oryol railway station in September 1941
- Oryol
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
г. Орёл
ЗиУ-682Г-16.05
Трамвай в Орле
Карта Орловского трамвая
Monument (MiG-17) to Soviet pilots who fought for the liberation of Oryol land from Nazi invaders (photo 2018)
.jpg)
References
- ↑ "Мэр города Орла избран из состава депутатов горсовета". www.orelgorsovet.ru. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ↑ "Результат запроса". www.gks.ru. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ↑ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[[Category:Articles containing Russian language text]]". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); no-break space character in|accessdate=at position 9 (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ↑ "Oriol, Russia". Geographical Names. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ↑ "Weather and Climate - The Climate of IOryol" (in русский). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ↑ "Партнерские связи". orel-adm.ru (in русский). Oryol. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
- ↑ "Орел и туркменский Мары стали городами-побратимами". October 3, 2017.
Other websites
"Orel (town)". Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh) 20. (1911). Cambridge University Press. - Official website of Oryol (in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Oryol (in Russian)
- The murder of the Jews of Oryol during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
