Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the study of chemical reactions with light. There are many natural examples. One is photosynthesis, how plants make oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Another is making vitamin D in the body.
Many times reactions go with heat: as you heat molecules, they start to move around and so hit other molecules which can then react. What molecules need is just some activation energy, a little energy to start the reaction. In the case of photochemistry, this energy is given by the light. A molecule or an atom absorbs at a certain wavelength. If light is given at this wavelength then the molecule or atom becomes excited. It is then easier for it to react.
Another way in which light can help reactions go is by changing the symmetry of a molecule. This can be tested with the Woodward–Hoffmann rules. Some pericyclic reactions go with heat, some go only with light.
In atmospheric chemistry, light is very important. This is because there is much more UV light at the top of the atmosphere. This allows reactions that do not happen on the ground. For example, ozone can split in an oxygen molecule and one oxygen atom.
Photochemistry Media
Photochemical immersion well reactor (50 mL) with a mercury-vapor lamp.
Jablonski diagram. Radiative paths are represented by straight arrows and non-radiative paths by curly lines.
Photochemical immersion well reactor (750 mL) with a mercury-vapor lamp
Norrish-Reaktion Typ II
Santonin Photochemical reaction.
