Stavropol
Stavropol (/stævˈroʊpəl/; Russian: Ставрополь, tr. Stavropol', IPA: [ˈstavrəpəlʲ]) is a city and the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 398,539.
| Stavropol (English) Ставрополь (Russian) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - City[1] - | |||||||||
[[File:
Top:View of downtown Kaskad Fantanov area, Stavropol Saint Andrew Cathedral, Second:Vladimir Lenin Statue and Stavropol Duma Building, Third: Stavropol Gosudarstvennyy historical Museum, Tiflis Gate, Bottom:Stavropol Intourist Hotel, Red Guard Soldier monument (all items left to right) | |||||||||
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.jpeg) |  | ||||||||
| Anthem | none[2] | ||||||||
| Administrative status | |||||||||
| Country | Russia | ||||||||
| Federal subject | Stavropol Krai[3] | ||||||||
| Administratively subordinated to | city of krai significance of Stavropol[1] | ||||||||
| Municipal status | |||||||||
| Urban okrug | Stavropol Urban Okrug[4] | ||||||||
| Head[5] | Ivan Ulyanchenko | ||||||||
| Representative body | City Duma[5] | ||||||||
| Statistics | |||||||||
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) | 398,539 inhabitants[6] | ||||||||
| - Rank in 2010 | 47th | ||||||||
| Population (January 2015 est.) | 425,853 inhabitants[7] | ||||||||
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+04:00) | ||||||||
| Founded | October 22, 1777[8] | ||||||||
| City status since | 1785[9] | ||||||||
| Postal code(s) | 355000–355013, 355016–355021, 355024–355026, 355028–355032, 355035, 355037, 355038, 355040–355042, 355044, 355045, 355047 | ||||||||
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8652 | ||||||||
| Official website | |||||||||
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It was known as Voroshilovsk until January 12, 1943.[10]
History
Stavropol was founded on October 22, 1777 and given city status in 1785.[8][9] It was a military camp in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774.[11] The city was mostly settled by Don Cossacks with the goal of defending against invaders.
The city changed owners many times in the Russian Civil War. It was finally captured by the Red Army from the Volunteer Army of general Anton Denikin on February 29, 1920. The city was renamed Voroshilovsk on May 5, 1935, after Kliment Voroshilov. The original name was restored in 1943. The city was used as a German airport for its Luftwaffe in World War 2 while they occupied it. Stavropol was liberated by the Soviets in January of 1943.
Natural gas has been extracted near the city since 1946 and piped to Moscow.
Economy
The economy of Stavropol mainly focuses on the making of cars, furniture, and construction equipment. It has a major airport, Shpakovskoye airport, as well as railway and highway connections to other Russian cities.
Demographics
| 2010 Census | 398,539[6] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 354,867[12] |
| 1989 Census | 318,298[13] |
| 1979 Census | 258,233[14] |
Stavropol's 2021 population is now estimated at 453,387. In 1950, the population of Stavropol was 108,353. Stavropol has grown by 3,293 since 2015, which is a 0.73% annual change.
Climate
Stavropol has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa). It has short but cold winters and hot summers.
| Climate data for Stavropol (1991-2020, extremes 1854-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.8 (62.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
30.2 (86.4) |
35.0 (95) |
32.5 (90.5) |
36.3 (97.3) |
38.6 (101.5) |
39.7 (103.5) |
37.3 (99.1) |
34.2 (93.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
39.7 (103.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
8.2 (46.8) |
15.5 (59.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.9 (84) |
23.0 (73.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
7.8 (46) |
3.1 (37.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | -2.3 (27.9) |
-1.7 (28.9) |
3.2 (37.8) |
9.7 (49.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.9 (67.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
-0.5 (31.1) |
10.0 (50) |
| Average low °C (°F) | -5.0 (23) |
-4.8 (23.4) |
-0.4 (31.3) |
5.0 (41) |
10.5 (50.9) |
15.0 (59) |
17.4 (63.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
0.5 (32.9) |
-3.3 (26.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | -27.7 (-17.9) |
-28.3 (-18.9) |
-19.4 (-2.9) |
-10.7 (12.7) |
-2.3 (27.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
10.0 (50) |
6.9 (44.4) |
-3.5 (25.7) |
-12.0 (10.4) |
-19.9 (-3.8) |
-24.3 (-11.7) |
-28.3 (-18.9) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.14) |
28 (1.1) |
41 (1.61) |
41 (1.61) |
71 (2.8) |
77 (3.03) |
59 (2.32) |
37 (1.46) |
48 (1.89) |
52 (2.05) |
38 (1.5) |
33 (1.3) |
554 (21.81) |
| % Humidity | 84 | 82 | 78 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 60 | 60 | 68 | 77 | 84 | 84 | 73 |
| Avg. rainy days | 5 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 113 |
| Avg. snowy days | 13 | 13 | 9 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 10 | 53 |
| Sunshine hours | 85 | 100 | 133 | 183 | 257 | 286 | 313 | 290 | 228 | 164 | 94 | 69 | 2,202 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[15] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Climatebase.ru (sun) [16] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
Well-known Russians who have visited or lived in Stavropol include: Generals Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800), Alexey Yermolov (1777–1861), and Nikolay Raevsky (1771—1829); the poets Alexander Pushkin (1799–1837)[17] and Mikhail Lermontov (1814–1841),[18] who were in political disfavor, the surgeon Nikolay Pirogov (1810—1881), Alexander Griboyedov (1795–1829),[19] Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910),[20] and the national poet of Ossetia, Kosta Khetagurov.[21]
The first and only executive president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-2022), was born in Stavropol Krai and spent many years working in the city of Stavropol as the leader of the krai. Gorbachev's chief mentor, long-time friend, and the previous leader of the Soviet Union Yuri Andropov (1914–1984) was also born in Stavropol Krai.
Actor Lev Gorn (born 1971) star of The Americans was born in Stavropol.
Twin towns – sister cities
Stavropol is twinned with:[22]
Des Moines, United States
Béziers, France
Pazardzhik, Bulgaria
Yerevan, Armenia
Zhenjiang, China- Changzhou, China
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Resolution #63-p
- ↑ Article 3 of the Charter of Stavropol states that the city may have an anthem, providing a law is adopted to that effect. As of 2015[update], no such law is in place. The Symbols section on the Stavropal's official website also does not include an anthem.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRef371. - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRef893. - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Charter of Stavropol, Article 30
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[[Category:Articles containing Russian language text]]". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); no-break space character in|accessdate=at position 9 (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Stavropol Krai Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения муниципальных образований Ставропольского края на начало 2011-2015 гг. Archived February 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Charter of Stavropol, Article 2
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 438. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ↑ Decree of January 12, 1943
- ↑ "Stavropol". stavmed.com. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
- ↑ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing Russian language text]]". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); no-break space character in|accessdate=at position 9 (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing Russian language text]]". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); no-break space character in|accessdate=at position 9 (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ invalid reference parameter
- ↑ "Weather and Climate – The Climate of Stavropol" (in русский). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ↑ "Climate of Stavropol". Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- ↑
Morfill, William Richard (1911). "Pushkin, Alexander". Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh) 22. Cambridge University Press. 668–669.
- ↑ Shedden-Ralston, William Ralston (1911). "Lermontov, Mikhail Yurevich". Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh) 16. Cambridge University Press. 484–485.
- ↑ "Griboyedov, Alexander Sergueevich". Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh) 12. (1911). Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Wright, Charles Theodore Hagberg (1911). "Tolstoy, Leo". Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh) 26. Cambridge University Press. 1053–1061.
- ↑ "Stavropol - City". Archived from the original on 2022-09-27. Retrieved 2022-09-27.
- ↑ "Intermunicipal cooperation". Official Stavropol website. Stavropol. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
Other websites
- Official website of Stavropol
- "Stavropol (town)". Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh) 25. (1911). Cambridge University Press. 816–817.
- Pictures of Stavropol Archived 2010-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)