Bayeux
Bayeux is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the Northwest of France.
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Bayeux | |
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| Bayeux Cathedral | |
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| Administration | |
|---|---|
| Country | France |
| Region | Lower Normandy |
| Department | Calvados |
| Arrondissement | Bayeux |
| Canton | Bayeux |
| Intercommunality | Bayeux Intercom |
| Statistics | |
| Elevation | 32–67 m (105–220 ft) |
| Land area1 | 7.11 km2 (2.75 sq mi) |
| Population2 | 14,961 (1999) |
| - Density | 2,104/km2 (5,450/sq mi) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 14047/ 14400 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
| 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | |
The town is famous for its tapestry. It is one of the oldest complete tapestries in the world.[1]
The inhabitants are called Bajocasses ou Bayeusains. Bayeux is a sous-préfecture of the Calvados department.
History
Heraldry
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Blason de Bayeux |
Origin
Bayeux is the capital of the Bessin which was called Bajocasses before. Bessin was a province of France before the French Revolution. The name of the city comes from the Celtic tribe which lived in the Bajocasses region.
Middle Ages
The Vikings distroyed the town in 890, but it was rebuilt by Bothon at the beginning of the 10th century. The bishop Hugues II, and his successor, Odon de Conteville (Guillaume le Conquérant's half brother) insisted the town needed a new cathedral. In 1077, a new one was built. However it is around that time that the town lost a lot of influence. Guillaume le Conquérant decided to make Caen his capital, in 1050. The Bayeux Tapestry was made around that time
The Renaissance didn't really mark the town. The most notable building from that period is the Saint-Patrice Church. It was built between 1544 and 1548.
Second World War
Bayeux was the first city in France to be liberated after the Battle of Normandy. On 16 June 1944, General Charles de Gaulle made his first major speech in Bayeux. The buildings were not damaged much during the Battle of Normandy as the German forces were defending Caen at the same time.
The Bayeux War Cemetery is the largest British cemetery dating from the Second World War in France. There are 4648 graves: 3935 are British and 466 are German.
Geography
Location
Bayeux is seven kilometres from the English Channel and the D-Day Landing Beaches. It is about 30 kilometres northwest of Caen. The town's elevation varies from 32 to 67 metres (with an average of 46 metres). The river Aure passes through it.
Climate
| Town | Sunlight | Rain | Snow | Storm | Fog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paris | 1,797 h/year | 642 mm/year | 15 d/year | 19 d/year | 13 d/year |
| Nice | 2,694 h/year | 767 mm/year | 1 d/year | 31 d/year | 1 d/year |
| Strasbourg | 1,637 h/year | 610 mm/year | 30 d/year | 29 d/year | 65 d/year |
| Bayeux[2] | 1,764 h/year | 711 mm/year | 14 d/year | 17 d/year | 54 d/year |
| National Average | 1,973 h/year | 770 mm/year | 14 d/year | 22 d/year | 40 d/year |
The table below gives the temperatures and precipitation for 2007 (Recorded at the station Caen-Carpiquet) :
| Month | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high (°C) | 10,1 | 11,1 | 11,8 | 17 | 17,3 | 20,1 | 21,3 | 21 | 19,3 | 15,3 | 11,5 | 7,9 |
| Average low (°C) | 4,7 | 5,5 | 3,5 | 6,3 | 9,4 | 11,5 | 12,9 | 12,6 | 10,3 | 7,3 | 5,2 | 1,9 |
| Average (°C) | 7,4 | 8,3 | 7,6 | 11,6 | 13,3 | 15,8 | 17,1 | 16,8 | 14,8 | 11,3 | 8,3 | 4,9 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 45 | 83 | 90 | 23 | 91 | 83 | 135 | 49 | 56 | 39 | 44 | 81 |
| Source: Météo France[3] | ||||||||||||
The table below gives the minimum and maximum temperatures for each month :
| Month | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high (°C) | 16,1 | 20,8 | 24,4 | 26,4 | 30,4 | 34,1 | 36,6 | 38,9 | 33,5 | 27,6 | 19,9 | 17,2 |
| \_ year of the maximum T°. | 1993 | 1960 | 1946 | 1984 | 1953 | 2001 | 1952 | 2003 | 1961 | 1985 | 1982 | 1989 |
| Record Low (°C) | -19,6 | -16,5 | -7,4 | -5,7 | -0,8 | 1 | 4,7 | 4 | 1,8 | -3,7 | -6,8 | -11 |
| \_ year of the minimum T°. | 1985 | 1956 | 1965 | 1978 | 1955 | 1962 | 1962 | 1974 | 1948 | 1997 | 1989 | 1948 |
| Source: Météo France and Lameteo.org[2] | ||||||||||||
Transport
La Bayeux Train station is on the Paris-Saint-Lazare>Cherbourg line. The TER line is from Caen to Rennes.
The Bybus goes around the town and to the communes of Saint-Martin-des-Entrées and Saint-Vigor-le-Grand. There is one main line (Chojnice / St-Martin-des-Entrées) and three minor one's toward the different districts. The Bus verts invented by the Conseil général is a way to get to the surrounding communes (lines 30, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74). 3000 parking spaces in the town center make it an easy place to park. Furthermore, most car parks are free. The By-pass is Bayeux's ring road. The first part was built after the Battle of Normandy by British soldiers. The roads in the town center were too narrow for the Tanks to get through. The By-pass used to be the Route nationale 13 until a motorway was built (A13 autoroute).
The closest airport is in Caen (21 km away) and the closest ferry to England (32 km away) leaves in Ouistreham.
Twin and sister towns
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Demographics
Bayeux is the fourth biggest town in Calvados by population. The three biggest are Caen, Hérouville-Saint-Clair and Lisieux.
References
- ↑ Bayeux Tapestry description
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Statistics from INSEE and Lameteo.org for Caen
- ↑ Météo France Statistics
- ↑ http://cassini.ehess.fr/ Population par commune avant 1962 (résultats publiés au journal officiel ou conservés aux archives départementales)
- ↑ INSEE : Population depuis le recensement de 1962