Bosniaks
The Bosniaks (Bošnjaci/Бошњаци, feminine: Bošnjakinja/Бошњакиња) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia,[3] which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who share a common Bosnian ancestry, culture, history and language. They come from Old Bosnia, which is today Bosnia and Herzegovina, though many of them are from the other Balkan populations, especially Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. They come from medieval Bosnians or Bošnjani, Slavic that lived in what was then Bosnia. Medieval Bosniaks or Bosnians (called Dobri bošnjani = Good Bosnians) practiced different religions but they all spoke the Bosnian language. Today, Bosniaks are mostly Bosnian-speaking, and write in the Latin script or Cyrillic script. Most modern Bosniaks are Muslim, and some are agnostic and atheists. Majority of Bosniaks today adhere to the Sunni branch of Islam. They have both European and Islamic heritage. Both within the Balkans region and throughout the world, Bosniaks are often noted for their unique culture, which has been influenced by both eastern and western civilizations and schools of thought over the course of their history.
.svg) Flag of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, today it is used as an ethnic flag. | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| c. 2.5 million[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,769,592[2] | |
| Languages | |
| Bosnian | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other South Slavs, Serbs and Croats |
The Oxford English Dictionary says the ethnonym Bosniak was first used in English by the British diplomat and historian Paul Rycaut in 1680. He spelled it Bosnack to sound like the post-classical Latin Bosniacus (possibly earlier than 1682), the French word Bosniaque (1695 or earlier) or the German word Bosniak (1737 or earlier).[4] An ethnonym is a name of a group of people. The 1836 version of Penny Cyclopaedia V. 231/1 uses the modern spelling:
"The inhabitants of Bosnia are composed of Bosniaks, a race of Sclavonian origin".[5]
All Slavic languages use the suffix -ak for masculine nouns. For example, people from the ethnic group in Poland can be called Polak and people from Slovakia Slovaks (Slovák). Consequently, "Bosniak" is logic equivalent to its non-ethnic counterpart "Bosnian," which came to English from Middle French as Bosnien): a native of Bosnia.[6]
English-speakers usually say Bosnian Muslim when they mean Bosniaks, but this is not completely correct because not all Bosniaks are Muslim. Partly because of this, ever since the country Yugoslavia broke up, people have started to say Bosniak instead of Muslim as an official way to talk about this group of people ethnic term to avoid confusion.[7] They also say Bosnians, but this word can mean anyone from Bosnia or Herzegovina, not just members of the Bosniak ethnic group.
A few million Bosniaks live in the Balkans, and about one million other Bosniaks live in other parts of the world. Ethnic cleansing and genocide during World War II (1939-1945) and the Bosnian War (1993–95) killed many Bosniaks and drove others to move away from where they had been living. Partially because of this,[8] there has been a Bosniak diaspora in a number of countries, including Bosnian Austrians, Germany, Bosnian Australians, Sweden, Turkey, Canada, and the United States.
Bosniaks Media
Genetic structure of Bosnians within European context according to three genetic systems: Autosomal DNA (A), Y-DNA (B) and mtDNA (C) per Kushniarevich et al. (2015)
Medieval monumental tombstones (Stećci) that lie scattered across Bosnia and Herzegovina are historically associated with the Bosnian Church movement
Territorial evolution of the Bosnian Kingdom
Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia, in front of Christ, by Jacopo Bellini in c. 1460.
Stari Most is a 16th-century Ottoman bridge in the city of Mostar designed by Turkish architect Mimar Sinan
Bosnian women dressed in traditional costumes in which one can see how the Ottoman influence has been assimilated into their clothing.
Illustration of resistance during the siege of Sarajevo in 1878 against the Austro-Hungarian troops.
Bosniaks formed 31%-50% of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry of the Austro-Hungarian Army. BHI was commended for their bravery in service of the Austrian emperor in WWI, winning more medals than any other unit.
References
- ↑ Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora. Gerovska, Dragica (1995). Македонски Иселенички Алманах '95. Skopje: Матица на Иселениците на Македонија. pp. 52–53.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ 2002 census Archived 21 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Historical Construction and Development of Bosniak Nation". Retrieved 2019-07-26.
- ↑ "Bosniak". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005.
- ↑ Charles Knight (1836). The Penny Cyclopaedia. Vol. V. London: The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 231.
- ↑ "Bosnian". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005.
- ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina: People", The World Factbook, American CIA, 2016 [2007], ISSN 1553-8133, archived from the original on 2018-03-15, retrieved 2016-04-13
- ↑ Committee on Foreign Relations, US Senate, The Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina, (US Government Printing Office, 1992)
Other websites
- Bošnjački institut Archived 2017-06-03 at the Wayback Machine
- Bošnjaci.net
- ZemljaBosna.com
- Sanjak.org Sanjak Information Center Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
- Projekat Poznati Bošnjaci Archived 2005-06-02 at the Wayback Machine