Close front unrounded vowel
The close front unrounded vowel(also called high front unrounded vowel), is a type of vowel. It is an i in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It sounds like the English word meet. It is also called a long-e in American English.[1] In English this sound has more length then it should and is not usually pronounced as a pure vowel(it is a diphthong).[2] A pure [i] sound can be heard in languages such as French with words like chic.
| Close front unrounded vowel | |
|---|---|
| i | |
| IPA number | 301 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | i |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0069 |
| X-SAMPA | i |
| Kirshenbaum | i |
| Sound | |
| IPA: Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In languages
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans[3] | dief | [dif] | 'thief' | See Afrikaans phonology | |
| Arabic | Standard[4] | دين/diin | [d̪iːn] | 'religion' | See Arabic phonology |
| Catalan[5] | sic | [ˈsik] | 'sic' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chinese | Mandarin[6][7] | 七 / qī | [tɕʰi˥] | 'seven' | See Standard Chinese phonology |
| Chuvash | çип | [ɕ̬ip] | 'thread' | ||
| Czech[8][9] | bílý | [ˈbiːliː] | 'white' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch[10][11] | biet | [bit] | 'beet' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English[12] | All dialects | free | [fɹiː] | 'free' | In certain dialects, it can be pronunced as a diphthong. See English phonology |
| Australian[13] | bit | [bit] | 'bit' | Also described as near-close front [ɪ̟].[14] See Australian English phonology | |
| French[15][16] | fini | [fini] | 'finished' | See French phonology | |
| German[17][18] | Ziel | [t͡siːl] | 'goal' | See Standard German phonology | |
| Greek | Modern Standard[19][20] | κήπος / kípos | [ˈc̠ipo̞s̠] | 'garden' | See Modern Greek phonology |
| Hungarian[21] | ív | [iːv] | 'arch' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Italian[22] | bile | [ˈbiːle̞] | 'rage' | See Italian phonology | |
| Japanese[23] | 銀/gin | [ɡʲiɴ] | 'silver' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Khmer | លទ្ធិ / <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">lôtthĭ | [lattʰiʔ] | 'doctrine' | See Khmer phonology | |
| Korean[24] | 아이 / ai | [ɐi] | 'child' | See Korean phonology | |
| Kurdish[25][26] | Kurmanji (Northern) | şîr | [ʃiːɾ] | 'milk' | See Kurdish phonology |
| Sorani (Central) | شیر/šîr | ||||
| Palewani (Southern) | |||||
| Lithuanian | vyras | [viːrɐs̪] | 'man' | See Lithuanian orthography | |
| Malay | Malaysian Malay | ikut | [i.kʊt] | 'to follow' | See Malay phonology |
| Polish[27] | miś | [ˈmʲiɕ] | 'teddy bear' | See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese[28] | fino | [ˈfinu] | 'thin' | Also occurs as an unstressed allophone of other vowels. May be represented by ⟨y⟩. See Portuguese phonology | |
| Romanian[29] | insulă | [ˈin̪s̪ulə] | 'island' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Rungus[30] | rikot | [ˈri.kot] | 'to come' | ||
| Russian[31] | лист/list | [lʲis̪t̪] | 'leaf' | Will only be used after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian[32] | vile | [ʋîle̞] | 'hayfork' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Spanish[33] | tipo | [ˈt̪ipo̞] | 'type' | Can be written by ⟨y⟩. See Spanish phonology | |
| Sotho[34] | ho bitsa | [huˌbit͡sʼɑ̈] | 'to call' | Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.[34] See Sotho phonology | |
| Swedish | Central Standard[35][36] | bli | [bliː] | 'to stay' | See Swedish phonology |
| Thai[37] | กริช/krit | [krìt] | 'dagger' | ||
| Turkish[38][39] | ip | [ip] | 'rope' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Ukrainian[40] | місто/misto | ['misto] | 'city, town' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Welsh | es i | [eːs iː] | 'I went' | See Welsh phonology | |
| Yoruba[41] | síbí | [síbí] | 'spoon' | ||
Notes
- ↑ Maddox, Maeve. "DailyWritingTips: The Six Spellings of "Long E"". www.dailywritingtips.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
- ↑ Labov, William; Sharon, Ash; Boberg, Charles (2006). The Atlas of North American English. Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter. chpt. 17. ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7.
- ↑ Donaldson (1993), p. 2.
- ↑ Thelwall (1990), p. 38.
- ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 54.
- ↑ Lee & Zee (2003), p. 110.
- ↑ Duanmu (2007), pp. 35–36.
- ↑ Dankovičová (1999), p. 72.
- ↑ Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012), p. 228.
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 47.
- ↑ Verhoeven (2005), p. 245.
- ↑ Roach (2004), p. 240.
- ↑ Cox & Palethorpe (2007), p. 344.
- ↑ Cox & Fletcher (2017), p. 65.
- ↑ Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73.
- ↑ Collins & Mees (2013), p. 225.
- ↑ Hall (2003), pp. 78, 107.
- ↑ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 34.
- ↑ Arvaniti (2007), p. 28.
- ↑ Trudgill (2009), p. 81.
- ↑ Szende (1994), p. 92.
- ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 119.
- ↑ Okada (1999), p. 117.
- ↑ Lee (1999), p. 121.
- ↑ Thackston (2006a), p. 1.
- ↑ Khan & Lescot (1970), pp. 8-16.
- ↑ Jassem (2003), p. 105.
- ↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 92.
- ↑ Sarlin (2014), p. 18.
- ↑ Forschner, T. A. (December 1994). Outline of A Momogun Grammar (Rungus Dialect) (PDF). Kudat. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2020.
- ↑ Jones & Ward (1969), p. 30.
- ↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 256.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Doke & Mofokeng (1974), p. ?.
- ↑ Engstrand (1999), p. 140.
- ↑ Riad (2014), p. 21.
- ↑ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993), p. 24.
- ↑ Zimmer & Organ (1999), p. 155.
- ↑ Göksel & Kerslake (2005), p. 10.
- ↑ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
- ↑ Bamgboṣe (1969), p. 166.
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