Fingal’s Cave
Fingal's Cave is a sea cave on the uninhabited island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, part of a National Nature Reserve owned by the National Trust for Scotland.[1] It is formed entirely from hexagonally jointed basalt columns. These are part of the same ancient lava flow as the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland and those of nearby Ulva.
In both cases, the cooling surface of the mass of hot lava cracked in a hexagonal pattern in a similar way to drying mud cracking as it shrinks. These cracks slowly extended down into the mass of lava as it cooled and shrank to form the columns, which were later exposed by erosion.[2]
The breakup of Pangaea separated the two parts of the same rock formation.
The size of the cave, and its naturally arched roof,[3] and the eerie sounds produced by the echoes of waves, give it the atmosphere of a natural cathedral. The cave's Gaelic name, Uamh-Binn, means "cave of melody."[4]
In art and literature
Romantic composer Felix Mendelssohn visited in 1829 and wrote Die Hebriden (in English, Hebrides Overture Opus 26, commonly known as Fingal's Cave overture), inspired by the weird echoes in the cave.[4][5] Mendelssohn's overture popularized the cave as a tourist destination.[4][6] Other famous 19th-century visitors included author Jules Verne; poets William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson;[1] and Romantic artist J.M.W. Turner, who painted "Staffa, Fingal's Cave" in 1832.[7] Queen Victoria also made the trip.[1][4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "National Trust for Scotland: Fingal's Cave". Archived from the original on 2006-06-19. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- ↑ "Formation of basalt columns / pseudocrystals". Archived from the original on 2017-04-11. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- ↑ The Internet Guide to Scotland
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Show Caves of the World
- ↑ "Galveston Symphony Program Notes: Mendelssohn". Archived from the original on 2006-05-19. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- ↑ "Fingal's Cave". Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- ↑ The Art Archive, JM Turner