Names of God in Judaism
In Judaism, God is known by many names. The most important of these names is the Tetragrammaton, or "Four-lettered word": YHVH, YHWH, or י ה ו ה. Jews are not allowed to say this name, and instead say Adonai. Even Adonai is only used by some Jews in prayer. Most Jews would refer to God as Ha-Shem, or "The Name". Jews are not allowed to erase the Tetragrammaton, so they rarely write it down outside of their most holy books, such as the Torah.
Other names include Ha-Elohim, Ha-El, Shaddai, Tzeva-ot, ‘Ha-Elyon, and Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh which are respectively pronounced by observant Jews as Elokim, Kayl, Shakkai, Tzeva-Kot.
Certain names, such as Shalom, are pronounced as written, but when written one letter, in this case the last letter, is omitted. The last of the above "other" list is often said as Ek-yeh Asher Ek-yeh.
Other Jewish names of (or references) to God include
- Jehovah—["Self-existent"]. Modern-day Hasidic Jews colloquially often substitute with Hashem (transl. “Name”).
- El (Eloah, Elohim)—["God"]
- Sabaoth—["Celestial Hosts"]
- Adonai—["Lord"]
- El Shaddai—["God Almighty"]
- Emmanuel—["God with us"]. A symbolic name of the Messiah from the Book of Isaiah.
- In the Jewish Kabbalah: Eyn Sof—["Endless"]
Names Of God In Judaism Media
The Tetragrammaton (YHWH), the main Hebrew name of God inscribed on the page of a Sephardic manuscript of the Hebrew Bible (1385)
The Tetragrammaton in Paleo-Hebrew (fl. 1100 BCE – 500 CE) (two forms), and Aramaic (fl. 1100 BCE – 200 CE) or modern Hebrew scripts
The Tetragrammaton in the Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls with the Priestly Blessing from the Book of Numbers (c. 600 BCE)
Shefa Tal – A Kabbalistic explanation of the Priestly Blessing with Adonai inscribed
Sign near the site of the Safed massacre, reading הי״ד (H.Y.D., abbreviation of הַשֵּׁם יִנקּוֹם דָּמו HaShem yinkom damo, 'may HaShem avenge his blood').
