Tigran Petrosian
Tigran Petrosian[1] (Tbilisi, Georgia, 17 June 1929 – Moscow, 13 August 1984) was World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was born to Armenian parents, and brought up in the capital of Armenia, Yerevan.[2]p103 Before his chess career, he was a street cleaner.[3][4]
Petrosian got the USSR national master title in 1947, and his chess improved rapidly when he moved to Moscow that year. By coming second in the 1951 USSR championship he qualified for the FIDE Interzonal tournament in Stockholm next year. There, he qualified for the World Championship Candidates tournament in Zurich 1953. He came fifth, and was awarded the title of International Grandmaster.[5]p299
Years followed when he made no visible progress, and others had the chance to challenge for the world title. Vasily Smyslov and Mikhail Tal both won the world title, yet lost it back to Botvinnik in return matches. At last, in 1962, Tigran won the Candidates tournament, and became the new challenger to Botvinnik. Petrosian also won the very strong Soviet Championship four times, in 1959 (Tbilisi), 1961 (Moscow), 1969 (Moscow), and 1975 (Yerevan).[6]p118
The World Championship
Before the title match started, FIDE changed the rules so that somebody who lost the world championship in a match would not automatically get a return match. The rule that allowed for return matches had been criticised for giving Botvinnik too great an advantage over his rivals.
In the match Petrosian started shakily, losing the first game and just escaping with a draw in the second game. From then on he was in control, and won the match (best of 24 games) by +5 –2 =15. In 1966 he defended the title against Boris Spassky, and won 12½–11½. The victory was rather more emphatic than the score suggests. In 1969 Spassky was again the challenger, and this time Petrosian lost 10½–12½.
Petrosian played in every world championship cycle from 1951 to 1980, when he lost a quarter-final match against his old enemy, Viktor Korchnoi.[6]
Olympiads
Petrosian's record in Chess Olympiads was unsurpassed.[2] He played for the USSR in nine Olympiads, and this is a summary of his overall results: +79 –1 =50.[7]p156–8
Style, personality
Petrosian was one of those players who set out to stifle the opponent's chances before they take action themselves. He was a student of Nimzovich's ideas of prophylaxis. Capablanca was another such player, but his chess was pure and simple. Petrosian's was profound and complex. He has been much admired by grandmasters, but was not so popular with lesser players. Like Capablanca, he was somewhat lazy, and did not strive to win every game. At his peak, he was the best player in the world at manoeuvring in complex positions, and an outstanding endgame player.[5]p300
Tigran Petrosian Media
Petrosian (standing on right, with jacket) at the 1961 European Chess Team Championship. Seated, facing right, is Mikhail Tal, then world champion.
Hoogovenschaaktoernooi te Beverwijk, Petrosjan (Rusland) actie. Location: Beverwijk
Petrosian and Jan Hein Donner at the Wijk aan Zee tournament in 1971
Collectie / Archief : Fotocollectie AnefoReportage / Serie : [ onbekend ]*Beschrijving : Eerste ronde IBM-schaaktoernooi, Petrosjan*Datum : 17 juli 1973*Trefwoorden : schaken*Persoonsnaam : Petrosian, Tigran*Instellingsnaam : IBM-Schaaktoernooi*Fotograaf : Croes, Rob C. / Anefo*Auteursrechthebbende : Nationaal Archief*Materiaalsoort : Negatief (zwart/wit)*Nummer archiefinventaris : bekijk toegang 2.24.01.05*Bestanddeelnummer : 926-5520
Petrosian's grave at the Armenian cemetery, Moscow
Petrosian's statue near the Yerevan Chess House
Petrosian on a 2018 2000 Dram banknote
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References
- ↑ Armenian: Տիգրան Պետրոսյան; Russian: Тигран Петросян.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Keene, Raymond 1981. Tigran Petrosian. In Winter E.G. (ed) World chess champions. Pergamon, Oxford.
- ↑ "Chess: Tigran and the Tiger - TIME". time.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ↑ Chelminski, Rudolph (1969). "Close-up: Tigran Petrosian". Time Magazine. Time Inc. 66 (4): 41–46. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hooper D. and Whyld K. 1992. The Oxford companion to chess. 2nd ed, Oxford University Press.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Whyld, Kenneth 1986. Chess: the records. Guiness, Enfield, Middlesex.
- ↑ Winter E.G. (ed) World chess champions. Pergamon, Oxford.
Other sources
- Keene, Ray and Simpole, Julian 2009. Petrosian vs the Elite: 71 victories by the master of manoeuvre 1946–1983. Batsford, London. ISBN 0-71349-049-7
- Shekhtman Eduard 1991. The games of Tigran Petrosian. transl. Kenneth P. Neat, 2 vols, Pergamon, Oxford. All his recorded games, some with annotations.
- Vasiliev, Viktor 1974. Tigran Petrosian: his life and games. Batsford. ISBN 4871878139 .